Evaluation Sourcebook (.pdf) - School of Natural Resources and ...

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STRATEGIESRestore/Manage | Econ./Comm. Develop. | Law/Policy | Education/Outreach | OrganizationMANAGING NATURAL RESOURCE USEA common strategy to improve ecosystems is to improve the ways in which people manageor use natural resources. The actions related to managing natural resources may overlapwith restoration activities (previous section), but deal specifically with the “working land”or resources such as:• agriculture,• managed forests,• land with construction or development,• fisheries and aquaculture and• hunted or trapped animals.Often this strategy involves developing,communicating or applying best managementpractices (BMPs) or specific guidelines forresource use that are designed to reduce especiallythe threats of soil erosion and water pollution, butalso overall ecosystem impact.Here we focus on how well you are implementingthe strategy of managing resource use. To assesswhether these activities are having desiredimpacts you can measure the threats the practicesare designed to reduce (Ecological threats, p. 110)or the overall ecological condition of the managedsystem (Ecological objectives, p. 21).Sample evaluation questions and indicatorsX How well are we determining or developingbest management practices?SAMPLE MANAGEMENT TOOLSAgriculture• Integrated Pest Management• Irrigation and water table control• Waste management• Riparian buffer zones, conservationtillage, cover crops, etc.Forests and timber harvest• Stream Management Zone• Road construction and maintenance• Felling, bucking, skidding practicesFisheries• Hatcheries management• Bag & size limits• Harvesting methods and areasConstruction and development• Silt fences• Limits to impervious surfaces• Detention ponds• Stormwater management Diversity of stakeholders participating in BMP development (agencies,independent scientists, environmentalists, resource users - farmers,ranchers, foresters, miners, developers, etc.)Quantity and quality of available baseline data or research studies on whichpractices are basedEstimated cost vs. benefit of practice (To measure ecological benefit putdollar values on ecosystem services such as purification of drinking water)Cost of activities to mandate, encourage or suggest practices vs. cost of notimplementing BMP’sKnowledge of existing or needed incentives (tax credits, subsidies, etc.)Plan in place to evaluate impacts of alternative management practicesX How well have we promoted or disseminated best management practices? (See alsoReforming laws or policies, p. 194 and Education and Outreach, p.198)Ecosystem Management Initiative 184
INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES THREATS ASSETS STRATEGIES Number of educational opportunities or materials created for resource users(trainings, demonstration sites, stormwater management manuals, etc.)Number and quality of reforms to forest management policy (limits theamount of area affected by skidding, area that can be clear-cut, width ofriparian buffer zone, etc.), fisheries (quotas for endangered fish, lawsagainst destructive extraction, etc.) or oil, gas and mineral extractionNumber of individual resource users contacted about using BMPsNumber of storm drains labeled to deter the public from dumping toxicsDollars or volunteer hours spent on disseminating BMP informationX Have best management practices been implemented, applied or enforced? Percent of farms with decreased tillage, increased buffer zones, etc.Amount of pesticide or fertilizer use on farms over timePercent of working forests (or area of forests) employing partial cuttingsystems, retention of woody debris, clustering of harvest units, etc.Number of new quotas for over-fished speciesAmount of area closed to bottom trawlingPercent impervious surface in new developmentsAmount of water used by households, industry or agriculturePercent of sewer infrastructure with combined sewer overflows (CSOs)Percent of residents or businesses that use storm water friendly landscapingData sourcesWill depend on which management practices you are focused on. See example below.ExampleWisconsin’s Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) has developed andimplemented a series of voluntary BMPs to help landowners, loggers and natural resourcemanagers minimize nonpoint pollution from forest management activities. To evaluate thisstrategy they monitor the extent of BMP use throughout Wisconsin; whether BMPs werebeing used correctly and by which subset of landowners; and whether BMPs were effectivein pollution control. To do this they did field audits (visual assessment and professionaljudgment) on timber sales and qualitative evaluations of the application and effectiveness of118 forestry BMPs from the BMP field manual. They found that a) over time BMPs werebeing applied on timber sales correctly more often and with greater consistency, b)landowners enrolled in the DNR tax law program applied BMPs correctly more often thanthose not enrolled in the program and c) correctly applied BMPs were 99%-100% effectivein mitigating impacts to water quality. Based on these results WDNR is implementing anoutreach opportunity for those landowners not currently enrolled in a tax law program.For more information see:http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/forestry/Usesof/bmp/bmpmonitoring.htmlEvaluation Sourcebook 185
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The Ecosystem Management Initiative
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Ecosystem Management Initiativeii
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SOCIAL OBJECTIVES..................
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SUPPORT OF KEY PEOPLE OR ORGANIZATI
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Ecosystem Management Initiative 2
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INTRODUCTIONMULTIPLE MEASURES OF PR
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INTRODUCTIONWHAT MAKES A GOOD INDIC
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INTRODUCTIONHOW TO USE THE SOURCEBO
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INTRODUCTIONSOURCES OF INFORMATION
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ECOLOGICALOBJECTIVESLandscape | Hab
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THREATSEcological | Management | So
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THREATSIntroductionHOW TO IDENTIFY
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Page 222 and 223: INDEXAcquisitions, 28, 31, 180Adapt
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