Untitled - Malaysian Institute of Planners

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Muhammad Abu Eusuf, Mansor Ibrahim & Rafikul IslamThe Construction and Demolition Wastes in Klang Valley, MalaysiaTable 7: 1-way and 2-way MANOVA tests results on the composition of CDW.Type of Independent Wilk’s λ F p Partial 2 ObservedMANOVA Variablepower1-way Profession 0.001 2.576 0.318 0.973 0.167Experience 0.003 1.148 0.571 0.941 0.1042-way Profession 0.0.000 9.554 0.099 0.989 0.417Experience 0.000 5.989 0.152 0.982 0.301Profession *Experience0.000 3.368 0.142 0.959 0.362A 3 × 3 factorial ANOVA was employed to determine the effects ofprofession and working experience on the respondents’ opinion on the rankingof construction materials. The main effect of profession F(2,20)=5.449,p=0.013, 2 = 0.353 and interaction F(4,20)=3.674, p=0.021, 2 =0.424 werefound significant for ‘Reinforced concrete’. Overall, quantity surveyors(M=3.667) consider that reinforced concrete contribute more to the productionof CDW compared to contractors (M=2.917). No other significant differencewas observed in this factorial design experiment. Respondents were also askedto provide their opinion on the extent they agree/ disagree on a number offactors that generate C&D wastes. Table 8 shows the summary results.FactorWaste due to the nature ofbuilding demolition orrenovation worksTable 8: Respondents’ opinion on factors that generate C&D wastes.Level of agreement/disagreementStrongly Disagre Neutral (3) Agreedisagree e (2)(4)(1)Stronglyagree (5)Mean0 (0) 2 (6) 6 (19) 13 (41) 11 (34) 4.03Poor storage of construction 0 (0) 0 (0) 7 (22) 18 (56) 7 (22) 4.00materialsCarelessness of workers in 1 (3) 1 (3) 9 (28) 14 (44) 7 (22) 3.78handling materialsWaste due to design1 (3) 2 (6) 8 (25) 14 (44) 7 (22) 3.75changes/variationsExcessive handling 0 (0) 4 (13) 12 (38) 14 (44) 2 (6) 3.44Problems during fabrication 2 (6) 1 (3) 14 (44) 12 (38) 3 (9) 3.41Waste due to negligence 1 (3) 3 (9) 16 (50) 10 (31) 2 (6) 3.28Waste due to poor designspecificationsCarelessness during quantityanalysis and measurementSubstitution (materialsdelivered to the site are usedfor other purposes)1 (3) 6 (19) 10 (31) 14 (44) 1 (3) 3.252 (6) 4 (13) 14 (44) 8 (25) 4 (13) 3.252 (6) 12 (38) 8 (25) 10 (31) 0 (0) 2.81*It is noted here that the total sample size is 32© 2012 by MIP 114
PLANNING MALAYSIAJournal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners (2012)Most of the respondents are of the opinion that wastes depend on the nature ofdemolition/renovation of buildings. They also concur that following are threemajor reasons for generation of waste:Poor storage of construction materials;Carelessness on the part of workers in handling materials;Waste due to design changes/variationsHowever, the following three items were not found as significant in terms ofgeneration of C&D wastes:Waste due to poor design specifications;Carelessness during quantity analysis and measurement;Substitution (materials delivered to the site are used for other purposes)One-way ANOVA results show that respondents on the basis ofprofession differ on their opinion about ‘Substitution’. Quantity surveyors(M=3.333) opined that substitution generates more wastes compared tocontractors (M=2.333) (F=4.205, p=0.026). Tukey HSD post hoc test alsoconfirms the findings (p=0.041). With regrds to working experience,respondents having experience ‘less than 5 years’ (M=3.200) and ‘5-14 years’(M=3.273) consider that substitution generates more wastes compared to therespondents having experience ’15 years or more’ (M=2.000) (F=8.197,p=0.002). Tukey HSD homogeneous subsets are shown in Table 9.Table 9: Tukey HSD homogeneous subsets for ‘Substitution’.Experience N Subset for alpha =0.051 2Less than 5 years 10 2.0005-14 years 10 3.20015 years or above 11 3.273Sig. 1.000 0.977When profession and experience were considered jointly, 2-wayANOVA experimental design test confirms that both (Profession:F(2,20)=3.926, p=0.036, 2 =0.282; Experience: F(2,20)=3.968, p=0.035, 2 =0.284) differ significantly on ‘Problem during fabrication’. Contractors(M=3.583) and quantity surveyors (M=3.556) held the view that ‘Problemduring fabrication’ contributes in generating CDW more than engineers(M=2.875). On the other hand, respondents having working experience ‘5 to 14years’ (M=3.818) consider that ‘Problem during fabrication’ contributes moretowards CDW compared to ‘less than 5 years’ (M=3.200) and ’15 years or115© 2012 by MIP
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Untitled - Malaysian Institute of Planners

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