Untitled - Malaysian Institute of Planners

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M.Zainora AsmawiThe Future of Coastal Management Programme in Malaysia: Making the Coast Visible to PlannersThe total coastline in Peninsular Malaysia is 1970 kilometres(Abdullah, 1992; Economic Planning Unit, 1985). Physiographically, thecoastline of Peninsular Malaysia is of varied character and configuration(Abdullah, 1992). Abdullah states that the 860 kilometres long east coast ofPeninsular Malaysia consists of straight sandy beaches in the north whilst thesouthern half comprises a series of large and small hook, or spiral, shaped bays.In contrast, the west coast, which measures 1,110 kilometres long, is made up oflow elevation coastal plains of marine clay and river alluvium with mangroveswamps constituting 640 kilometres of its coastline (Syed Abdullah, 1992).Malaysia’s coastal areas are endowed with valuable marine ecosystems andvaluable resources. It provides economic opportunities and resources ofdevelopable land. But, at the same time, Abdul Salam (1998) states that coastalareas face many critical problems associated with wastewater discharge, erosionand coastal pollution. This situation has created a dilemma as how to plan andmanage the coastal areas in a sustainable manner whilst, simultaneously,encouraging economic development in Malaysia. Since there is no specificoverall national legislation, administrative or planning system for Malaysiancoastal areas, and no single coastal development authority, this suggests thatimmediate action on coastal planning and management is crucial and timely.Questionnaire SurveyGovernment officials of Planning Unit at Local Planning Authority (LPA) wereselected as the respondents to supply required information. Only LPA that havecoastal areas were involved in the survey. Coastal LPAs are defined as thesuperior local authorities that administer one particular coastal district. Thesurvey covered all 40 coastal LPAs in Peninsular Malaysia. The response ratewas 65% and this could be considered as sufficient to provide a broader pictureof the level of acceptance of planners towards the concept of CM (Figure 3).The formulation of the questionnaire form was based on the aspects of coastalmanagement concept.To ic of question1. Background details2. Awareness of the concept of CMTable 2: Rationale for the questions in the surveyRationaleTo determine the level of confidence that could beplaced on the answers and to show the pattern ofexpertise involved in CM programmesTo see whether Malaysian town planners are awareof the concept of CM.3. Availability of CM plan for that coastal LPA To identify the level of commitment of coastalLPAs to developing CM initiatives by producingCM plans4. Availability of any other programme on coastal To identify whether any other programme on© 2012 by MIP 134
PLANNING MALAYSIAJournal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners (2012)managementcoastal management had been established5. Reasons for lack of programme on CM To discover the obstacles stopping LPAs fromhaving CM programmes.6. Intention to set up a coastal group To identify the intentions of LPAs in coastalmanagementData AnalysisThe questionnaires apply the closed-ended questions with various choices.Respondents were asked to answer to a series of questions without prioritisingtheir responses. In order to establish the most important issues, analysisinvolved applying the Likert Scale. This technique is commonly used tomeasure attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, values, and behaviour changes.Responses were coded into numerical forms to produce ordinal data that isbased on a scale representing a range. It is one of the most standardised andacceptable response techniques in the field of social sciences. Thus, this hasallowed the author to make the analysis based on the priority of items, as shownin the analysis tables. The following steps were used in applying the LikertScale to the qualitative types of the questions designed in the study:a. Respondents were requested to evaluate the extent of theiragreement with a series of attitude statements;b. Each degree of response was given a numerical value or score. Forexample, very important (3), moderately important (2), of littleimportance (1), or not important (0);c. The numerical values of the scores for a set of questions weresummed to arrive at a total score where the highest total score isassociated with the most important item; andd. The resulting summed scores permit inferences to be made aboutthe selection of a specific group of people or specific issue.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONBackground of respondentsThe respondents to the national study were all personnel of coastal LPAs.Figure 3 shows the breakdown of their backgrounds. Half of the respondentswere professional town planners. This is followed by assistant town planners(29%) and planning technician (21%) respectively. The pattern of respondentdifferent roles indicates the validity of data in analysing the acceptance of CMamong the planning officers in Peninsular Malaysia.135© 2012 by MIP
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Untitled - Malaysian Institute of Planners

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