Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas

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68 Planning Guidelines • access roads within the site; • private garden space; • car parking areas; • incidental open space and landscaping; and • children’s play areas where these are to be provided. It therefore excludes: • major and local distributor roads; • primary schools, churches, local shopping etc.; • open spaces serving a wider area; and • significant landscape buffer strips. A net density is the most commonly used approach in allocating housing land within Local Area Plans and is appropriate for development on infill sites where the boundaries of the site are clearly defined and where only residential uses are proposed. It is also appropriate where phased development is taking place in a major development area (perhaps spanning different plan periods) and individual housing areas have been identified. All densities quoted in these guidelines are net densities. Methods of controlling residential density Research carried out in the UK and an examination of case studies in Ireland indicate that of the various methods employed for measuring density, dwellings per hectare is the most appropriate measure for estimating development land requirements, making housing land allocations, monitoring completions / take up, and in providing a broad indication of the intensity / form of development envisaged on a site or area. However, dwellings per hectare is not effective in predicting or controlling the built form of development on a site - planning standards or plot ratio are more effective. In large measure the lack of predictability and consistency of the other methods results from the fact that average size of dwellings and average area per habitable room can vary substantially (i.e. terraced townhouses versus large family houses). Plot ratios can be site specific and vary depending on a range of factors from the site location, the mix of development, the site context, its open
space requirement to the availability of services and infrastructure. Chapters 5 & 6 provide guidance on density standards in Cities & Large Towns and Small Towns & Villages respectively. Planning authorities should refer to these and set plot ratios, appropriate to their area, in Local Area Plans. Occupancy rates, such as persons or bed spaces per hectare, can be of use when an assessment of the numbers likely to live within a given area is important, e.g. in calculating open space requirements, or where special dwelling sizes – such as housing for the elderly – are likely to be involved. 69 Planning Guidelines
Page 1 and 2:
19 Planning Guidelines Guidelines f
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Minister’s Foreword Page
Page 5 and 6:
Minister’s Foreword All built dev
Page 7 and 8:
Chapter 1 National policy objective
Page 9 and 10:
and the integration of amenities. M
Page 11 and 12:
esidential development in urban are
Page 13 and 14:
Chapter 2 Role of development plans
Page 15 and 16:
esidential lands and must also be i
Page 17 and 18:
provision of the appropriate social
Page 19 and 20:
fits within an overall strategic fr
Page 21 and 22:
Chapter 3 The role of design Introd
Page 23 and 24: The role of design in the planning
Page 25 and 26: 3.10 A number of planning authoriti
Page 27 and 28: • Sense of place: Streets should
Page 29 and 30: streets will also serve as bus rout
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 4 Planning for sustainable
Page 33 and 34: established having regard to the ex
Page 35 and 36: (b) Sustainable travel patterns 4.1
Page 37 and 38: Amenity / quality of life issues (a
Page 39 and 40: the new spaces are intended to prov
Page 41 and 42: (b) Personal safety 4.22 The abilit
Page 43 and 44: architectural integrity, as this is
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4: Checklist • Are the la
Page 47 and 48: 5.2 Detailed advice on the criteria
Page 49 and 50: accordance with local area plans, s
Page 51 and 52: (e) Institutional lands 5.10 A cons
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 6 Small Towns and Villages
Page 55 and 56: pedestrians and connectivity to exi
Page 57 and 58: (ii) Many smaller towns and village
Page 59 and 60: discontinuities in terms of footpat
Page 61 and 62: (c) Edge of small town / village 6.
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 7 The home and its setting
Page 65 and 66: at weekends. Parking can be provide
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 7: Checklist • In higher
Page 69 and 70: contributions in funding the provis
Page 71 and 72: • In relation to older estates, p
Page 73: Appendix A: Measuring residential d
Page 77 and 78: Girling, Cynthia and Kellett Ronald
Page 79: Appendix C: Membership of the Steer
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Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas

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