Ethno-Racial Inequality in the City of Toronto: An Analysis of the ...

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percentage of a group has the need. The population totals in the tables can be used to convert thepercentages into numbers of people. For simplicity, the population figures reported below are rounded tothe nearest 100; numbers in the tables are rounded to the nearest five in order to preserve confidentiality.Each one percent of the population represents about 23,500 people.EUROPEAN ORIGINSTaking the 54.9 percent of the population with European nationalities and the 5.2 percent who are“Canadian” and “White”, Table 1 shows that roughly three fifths of Torontonians are of European origin.Combined, Torontonians of British origin, including the English (combined with Welsh), Irish andScottish groups, still constitute the largest ethno-racial group in the City, accounting for 17.7 percent ofthe population; and an additional 1.9 percent are British and French and 5.5 percent have British andanother European origin besides French. Taking the British groups separately, however, the 6.9 percentof Torontonians who are English only are outnumbered by the Chinese, who account for 9.0 percent ofthe Toronto population, and are tied with the Italians, at 6.9 percent; and there are nearly as many people(5.4 percent) of Indian origin.After the British, the next largest contingent of Europeans, 14.7 percent of the population, is fromSouthern Europe, including the 6.9 percent Italians, 3.3 percent Portuguese, and 2.0 percent Greeks,representing communities of about 163,100, 78,500 and 47,600 persons, respectively. Another 1.5percent of the population are from the former Yugoslavia. Next largest is the Eastern European andBaltic region, which accounts for 5.7 percent of the population, the two largest groups are the Poles, with2.2 percent, and Ukrainians, 1.1 percent. The Jews, 4.4 percent of the total population, are the nextlargest European group (Jews and Israelis with non-European heritage are too small in number to beanalyzed separately). Next largest, 3.1 percent of Torontonians are from Northern Europe andScandinavia; Germans, 1.3 percent of the population, are the largest single group. Just 1.1 percent ofTorontonians describe themselves as French only, though another 1.9 percent give French and one ormore British origins and 0.5 percent indicate they are French and also give one or more other Europeanorigins.Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Census 15
EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN ORIGINSAfter the Europeans, the largest regional category, 15.3 percent of the total population, is made upof East and Southeast Asians and Pacific Islanders, the last consisting almost entirely of Filipinos. By farthe largest group are the 9.0 percent of all Torontonians, about 212,500 people, who are Chinese. Nextlargest are the Filipinos, 2.5 percent, Vietnamese, 1.1 percent, and Koreans, 0.9 percent.AFRICAN, BLACK AND CARIBBEAN ORIGINSNearly 10 percent of Torontonians describe their ancestry as African, Black, or Caribbean.Jamaicans, 3.0 percent of the Toronto population, are by far the largest individual group. The remaining6.6 percent are divided among many origins, including 0.7 percent who are Ghanaian and 0.7 percentfrom “other African nations,” which refers to the combination of African nationalities and ethno-racialgroups with populations too small to consider separately (Nigerian, Tanzanian, Ugandan, etc.). There aresufficient numbers of Ghanaians in the City, about 15,500, and Ethiopians and Somalis, 7,000 and 7,200respectively, for analysis. Four groups from the Caribbean, Jamaicans, Guyanese, Trinidadian andTobagonians (combined), and Barbadians, with approximately 70,400, 13,100, 10,500 and 3,800members respectively, can also be considered individually. About 17,400 people say they are “African”or “Black” and 15,700 describe themselves as “West Indian.”In addition, about 2,700 Torontonians describe themselves as African or Black and also South orSoutheast Asian and another 4.300 say that they are African or Black and European or Arabic or WestAsian. Another 9,300 describe their origins as Caribbean and also South or Southeast Asian; 3,400 areCaribbean and East Asian, and 15,600 are Caribbean and European, Arabic, West Asian or LatinAmerican.SOUTH ASIAN ORIGINSAlmost 200,000 South Asians in Toronto make up 8.4 percent of the total population. The majority,5.4 percent, corresponding to 127,900 people, are of Indian origin, including significant numbers ofBengalis, Gujaratis and Punjabis (but these are not analyzed separately). Sri Lankans, Tamils andPakistanis and Bangladeshis (combined), with populations of about 20,400, 13,500 and 10,300respectively, account for most of the other South Asians. An additional 2,000 people say they are SouthAsian and East Asian, and 8,700 are South Asian and European, Arabic or West Asian.Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Census 16
Page 6 and 7: origin, South Asians, Arab and West
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionThis Report provides de
Page 12 and 13: Methodological NotesThis Report pro
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1Defining Ethno-Racial Grou
Page 16 and 17: question, described above. The “C
Page 18 and 19: “Barbadians.” Likewise, people
Page 20 and 21: acial identification question, redu
Page 22 and 23: Table 1, continuedEthno-Racial Grou
Page 26 and 27: ARAB AND WEST ASIAN ORIGINSApproxim
Page 28 and 29: EUROPEAN ORIGIN GROUPS TEND TO BE O
Page 30 and 31: The key question involves the numbe
Page 32 and 33: Table 2, continuedPercentage and Nu
Page 34 and 35: A second policy concern involves th
Page 36 and 37: NON-NATIONAL, “RACIAL” AND MULT
Page 38 and 39: Table 3, continuedKnowledge of Engl
Page 40 and 41: majority of people speak English. T
Page 42 and 43: Fully 96.1 percent of Torontonians
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2EducationIf educational cr
Page 46 and 47: Table 4, continuedHighest Level of
Page 48 and 49: Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 50 and 51: Educational Attainment of AdultsAbo
Page 52 and 53: EUROPEAN ORIGINAmong Europeans, edu
Page 54 and 55: GROUPS WITH HIGHER PROPORTIONS OF N
Page 56 and 57: Table 5, continuedSchool Attendance
Page 60 and 61: Of most concern are the small numbe
Page 62 and 63: Not counted as unemployed are “di
Page 64 and 65: Table 6, continuedLabour Force Char
Page 68 and 69: percent for the African, Black and
Page 70 and 71: LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSThe two Latin
Page 72 and 73: Table 7, continuedIncome from Emplo
Page 74 and 75:
efore coming to Canada likely refle
Page 76 and 77:
Table 8a, continuedOccupations of W
Page 78 and 79:
Table 8bOccupations of Men by Ethno
Page 80 and 81:
Table 8b, continuedOccupations of M
Page 82 and 83:
Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 84 and 85:
eing an employee; just 3.2 percent
Page 86 and 87:
Table 9, continuedIncidence of Self
Page 88 and 89:
AFRICAN, BLACK AND CARIBBEAN ORIGIN
Page 90 and 91:
esult in similar levels of income.
Page 92 and 93:
Among the individual ethno-racial g
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 4Poverty and Individual and
Page 96 and 97:
Introduction to the TablesThe first
Page 98 and 99:
Table 10, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Table 11, continuedIncidence of Chi
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
types of families are not an intuit
Page 108 and 109:
children and 12.8 percent of Arab/W
Page 110 and 111:
Table 12, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 112 and 113:
Southeast Asians and Pacific Island
Page 114 and 115:
Table 13, continuedMedian Family In
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Table 14, continuedMedian Individua
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
SOUTH ASIAN ORIGINSWhile just over
Page 124 and 125:
LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSDue to statis
Page 126 and 127:
There are remarkable ethno-racial d
Page 128 and 129:
Table 15, continuedHome Ownership o
Page 130 and 131:
percent of Italian families own the
Page 132 and 133:
The most severe disadvantage affect
Page 134 and 135:
Men in Lower SkillJobs(Table 8b/Cha
Page 136 and 137:
which included all other African na
Page 138 and 139:
In Lower Skill Non-Manual Occupatio
Page 140 and 141:
skilled non-manual occupations in 1
Page 142:
segregation, the effects of unequal
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