Ethno-Racial Inequality in the City of Toronto: An Analysis of the ...

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origin, South Asians, Arab and West Asian groups and Latin Americans – all the regional groupingsexcept for East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific – have younger than average age profiles. Thus someethno-racial groups face the dilemmas of an aging population; but others have had many years to adjust todeclining fertility and increased numbers of elderly. Instead they have high proportions of relativelyyoung adults and children and must be primarily concerned with caring for their children. They are facedwith a broad economic context in which there has been a steady decline in poverty among the elderlyrelative to poverty among young people and children.Considering the number of immigrants to Toronto and especially the number of recentimmigrants, it is significant that only 6.1 percent of the population say that they do not speak English.The number of non-English speakers, about 145,000, is more imposing. Though non-English speakersare concentrated in particular ethno-racial groups, in every single group, the great majority of peopleindicate they speak English. The highest percentage and largest numerical concentration of non-Englishspeakers is among the Chinese, where they constitute 22.8 percent of the entire group, an estimated48,525 or roughly 30 percent all non-English speakers in the City.Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Censusiii
AcknowledgementsThis Report could not have been written without the efforts of Mr.Tim Rees of the City of Toronto. I thank him for his constantencouragement. Mr. Rees and his colleagues provided helpfulfeedback on an earlier draft.I thank Dr. Douglas Norris of Statistics Canada for arranging myaccess to the Census data. Without his support, this analysiswould be much inferior. Also at Statistics Canada, Mr. DerrickThomas provided indispensable guidance and assistance with thedata analysis.I thank Anne Oram and John Pollard, colleagues at the Institute forSocial Research, for editorial assistance.The opinions expressed in this Report are mine only, and I amresponsible for any errors.MOToronto, 12 March 2000—————————————————————This project has been a cooperative venture. The Access andEquity Unit, Strategic and Corporate Policy Division, ChiefAdministrator’s Office of the City of Toronto wishes toacknowledge the financial contributions and expertise provided bythe Department of Public Health, the Social Development andAdministrative Division of the Community and NeighbourhoodServices Division of the Community and Neighbourhood ServicesDepartment of the City of Toronto, and the Centre of Excellencefor Research on Immigration and SettlementEthno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Censusiv
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionThis Report provides de
Page 12 and 13: Methodological NotesThis Report pro
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1Defining Ethno-Racial Grou
Page 16 and 17: question, described above. The “C
Page 18 and 19: “Barbadians.” Likewise, people
Page 20 and 21: acial identification question, redu
Page 22 and 23: Table 1, continuedEthno-Racial Grou
Page 24 and 25: percentage of a group has the need.
Page 26 and 27: ARAB AND WEST ASIAN ORIGINSApproxim
Page 28 and 29: EUROPEAN ORIGIN GROUPS TEND TO BE O
Page 30 and 31: The key question involves the numbe
Page 32 and 33: Table 2, continuedPercentage and Nu
Page 34 and 35: A second policy concern involves th
Page 36 and 37: NON-NATIONAL, “RACIAL” AND MULT
Page 38 and 39: Table 3, continuedKnowledge of Engl
Page 40 and 41: majority of people speak English. T
Page 42 and 43: Fully 96.1 percent of Torontonians
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2EducationIf educational cr
Page 46 and 47: Table 4, continuedHighest Level of
Page 48 and 49: Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 50 and 51: Educational Attainment of AdultsAbo
Page 52 and 53:
EUROPEAN ORIGINAmong Europeans, edu
Page 54 and 55:
GROUPS WITH HIGHER PROPORTIONS OF N
Page 56 and 57:
Table 5, continuedSchool Attendance
Page 58 and 59:
Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 60 and 61:
Of most concern are the small numbe
Page 62 and 63:
Not counted as unemployed are “di
Page 64 and 65:
Table 6, continuedLabour Force Char
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
percent for the African, Black and
Page 70 and 71:
LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSThe two Latin
Page 72 and 73:
Table 7, continuedIncome from Emplo
Page 74 and 75:
efore coming to Canada likely refle
Page 76 and 77:
Table 8a, continuedOccupations of W
Page 78 and 79:
Table 8bOccupations of Men by Ethno
Page 80 and 81:
Table 8b, continuedOccupations of M
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
eing an employee; just 3.2 percent
Page 86 and 87:
Table 9, continuedIncidence of Self
Page 88 and 89:
AFRICAN, BLACK AND CARIBBEAN ORIGIN
Page 90 and 91:
esult in similar levels of income.
Page 92 and 93:
Among the individual ethno-racial g
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 4Poverty and Individual and
Page 96 and 97:
Introduction to the TablesThe first
Page 98 and 99:
Table 10, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Table 11, continuedIncidence of Chi
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
types of families are not an intuit
Page 108 and 109:
children and 12.8 percent of Arab/W
Page 110 and 111:
Table 12, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 112 and 113:
Southeast Asians and Pacific Island
Page 114 and 115:
Table 13, continuedMedian Family In
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Table 14, continuedMedian Individua
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
SOUTH ASIAN ORIGINSWhile just over
Page 124 and 125:
LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSDue to statis
Page 126 and 127:
There are remarkable ethno-racial d
Page 128 and 129:
Table 15, continuedHome Ownership o
Page 130 and 131:
percent of Italian families own the
Page 132 and 133:
The most severe disadvantage affect
Page 134 and 135:
Men in Lower SkillJobs(Table 8b/Cha
Page 136 and 137:
which included all other African na
Page 138 and 139:
In Lower Skill Non-Manual Occupatio
Page 140 and 141:
skilled non-manual occupations in 1
Page 142:
segregation, the effects of unequal
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Ethno-Racial Inequality in the City of Toronto: An Analysis of the ...

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