Ethno-Racial Inequality in the City of Toronto: An Analysis of the ...

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The key question involves the numbers of young people relative to the numbers and resources of theadults. The social consequence of the age distributions is also a function of the economic resources of theparents. This concern should be most acute for ethno-racial groups with the highest proportions ofchildren. Thirty percent or more of the following groups are under the age of 15: Aboriginal and non-British/French, Ghanaian, Somali, African and South/East Asian, African and European/West Asian,African or Black, Multiple Caribbean, Caribbean and East Asian, Caribbean and European/Arabic/LatinAmerican, Pakistani and Bangladeshi, South Asian and East Asian, East Asian and European/Arab/WestAsian, Afghan, West Asian and European, Central American, Multiple Southern European. As we willsee in Chapter 4 (see Table 10), many of these groups are experiencing acute child poverty.Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Census 21
Table 2Percentage and Number of Immigrants and Year of Arrival in Canada by Ethno-Racial GroupArrival in Canada(number)Arrival in Canada(percentage distribution)Arrived ArrivedBorn in Before Arrived Arrived Arrived Born in Before Arrived Arrived ArrivedEthno-Racial Group Canada 1976 1976-85 1986-93 1994-96 Total Canada 1976 1976-85 1986-93 1994-96 TotalTotal 1,198,605 437,120 371,825 182,585 132,890 2,323,025 51.6 18.8 16.0 7.9 5.7 100.0Total: Aboriginal 20,950 305 280 25 45 21,605 97.0 1.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 100.0Aboriginal 3,810 10 25 0 0 3,845 99.1 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 100.0Aboriginal and British/French 6,780 85 75 10 5 6,955 97.5 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.1 100.0Aboriginal and non-British/French 10,360 210 180 15 40 10,805 95.9 1.9 1.7 0.1 0.4 100.0Total: African, Black and Caribbean 80,055 38,395 56,285 27,755 16,105 218,595 36.6 17.6 25.7 12.7 7.4 100.0Ethiopian 1,005 65 3,000 1,865 820 6,755 14.9 1.0 44.4 27.6 12.1 100.0Ghanaian 3,350 70 1,885 4,865 2,385 12,555 26.7 0.6 15.0 38.7 19.0 100.0Somali 1,770 215 1,435 1,885 1,505 6,810 26.0 3.2 21.1 27.7 22.1 100.0Other African Nations 4,160 1,565 4,585 3,055 2,045 15,410 27.0 10.2 29.8 19.8 13.3 100.0African and South/East Asian 925 490 910 185 130 2,640 35.0 18.6 34.5 7.0 4.9 100.0African and European/Arab/West Asian 2,235 685 735 345 175 4,175 53.5 16.4 17.6 8.3 4.2 100.0African and Black 11,840 1,650 2,210 940 525 17,165 69.0 9.6 12.9 5.5 3.1 100.0Barbadian 1,085 1,525 775 190 135 3,710 29.2 41.1 20.9 5.1 3.6 100.0Guyanese 3,190 2,280 5,240 1,285 1,030 13,025 24.5 17.5 40.2 9.9 7.9 100.0Jamaican 23,475 15,210 20,045 7,330 3,460 69,520 33.8 21.9 28.8 10.5 5.0 100.0Trinidadian and Tobagonian 3,145 2,965 2,165 1,050 835 10,160 31.0 29.2 21.3 10.3 8.2 100.0West Indian 5,015 3,680 4,170 1,420 1,100 15,385 32.6 23.9 27.1 9.2 7.1 100.0Other Caribbean nations 2,190 1,885 2,210 1,160 620 8,065 27.2 23.4 27.4 14.4 7.7 100.0Multiple Caribbean 3,525 735 695 210 135 5,300 66.5 13.9 13.1 4.0 2.5 100.0Caribbean and South Asian 2,780 1,675 2,920 1,055 685 9,115 30.5 18.4 32.0 11.6 7.5 100.0Caribbean and East Asian 1,585 910 720 90 110 3,415 46.4 26.6 21.1 2.6 3.2 100.0Caribbean & European/Arab/Latin American 8,780 2,790 2,585 825 410 15,390 57.1 18.1 16.8 5.4 2.7 100.0Total: South Asian 44,590 23,765 54,130 37,680 31,800 191,965 23.2 12.4 28.2 19.6 16.6 100.0Indian 30,495 19,425 39,045 19,710 16,730 125,405 24.3 15.5 31.1 15.7 13.3 100.0Pakistani and Bangladeshi 2,150 800 2,220 2,465 2,350 9,985 21.5 8.0 22.2 24.7 23.5 100.0Sri Lankan 3,065 325 4,555 5,945 5,175 19,065 16.1 1.7 23.9 31.2 27.1 100.0Tamil 1,860 75 2,525 4,505 3,550 12,515 14.9 0.6 20.2 36.0 28.4 100.0Multiple South Asian 2,420 885 3,630 4,200 3,200 14,335 16.9 6.2 25.3 29.3 22.3 100.0South Asian and East Asian 955 385 415 140 140 2,035 46.9 18.9 20.4 6.9 6.9 100.0South Asian and European/Arab/West Asian 3,645 1,870 1,740 715 655 8,625 42.3 21.7 20.2 8.3 7.6 100.0Note: excludes non-permanent residents, numbering approximately 40,855Source: Statistics Canada 1996 Census; Tabulation by Michael Ornstein, Institute for Social Research, York UniversityEthno-Racial Inequality in Toronto: Analysis of the 1996 Census 22
Page 6 and 7: origin, South Asians, Arab and West
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsExecutive Summary.
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionThis Report provides de
Page 12 and 13: Methodological NotesThis Report pro
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1Defining Ethno-Racial Grou
Page 16 and 17: question, described above. The “C
Page 18 and 19: “Barbadians.” Likewise, people
Page 20 and 21: acial identification question, redu
Page 22 and 23: Table 1, continuedEthno-Racial Grou
Page 24 and 25: percentage of a group has the need.
Page 26 and 27: ARAB AND WEST ASIAN ORIGINSApproxim
Page 28 and 29: EUROPEAN ORIGIN GROUPS TEND TO BE O
Page 32 and 33: Table 2, continuedPercentage and Nu
Page 34 and 35: A second policy concern involves th
Page 36 and 37: NON-NATIONAL, “RACIAL” AND MULT
Page 38 and 39: Table 3, continuedKnowledge of Engl
Page 40 and 41: majority of people speak English. T
Page 42 and 43: Fully 96.1 percent of Torontonians
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2EducationIf educational cr
Page 46 and 47: Table 4, continuedHighest Level of
Page 48 and 49: Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 50 and 51: Educational Attainment of AdultsAbo
Page 52 and 53: EUROPEAN ORIGINAmong Europeans, edu
Page 54 and 55: GROUPS WITH HIGHER PROPORTIONS OF N
Page 56 and 57: Table 5, continuedSchool Attendance
Page 60 and 61: Of most concern are the small numbe
Page 62 and 63: Not counted as unemployed are “di
Page 64 and 65: Table 6, continuedLabour Force Char
Page 68 and 69: percent for the African, Black and
Page 70 and 71: LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSThe two Latin
Page 72 and 73: Table 7, continuedIncome from Emplo
Page 74 and 75: efore coming to Canada likely refle
Page 76 and 77: Table 8a, continuedOccupations of W
Page 78 and 79: Table 8bOccupations of Men by Ethno
Page 80 and 81:
Table 8b, continuedOccupations of M
Page 82 and 83:
Ethno-Racial Inequality in Toronto:
Page 84 and 85:
eing an employee; just 3.2 percent
Page 86 and 87:
Table 9, continuedIncidence of Self
Page 88 and 89:
AFRICAN, BLACK AND CARIBBEAN ORIGIN
Page 90 and 91:
esult in similar levels of income.
Page 92 and 93:
Among the individual ethno-racial g
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 4Poverty and Individual and
Page 96 and 97:
Introduction to the TablesThe first
Page 98 and 99:
Table 10, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Table 11, continuedIncidence of Chi
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
types of families are not an intuit
Page 108 and 109:
children and 12.8 percent of Arab/W
Page 110 and 111:
Table 12, continuedIncidence of Pov
Page 112 and 113:
Southeast Asians and Pacific Island
Page 114 and 115:
Table 13, continuedMedian Family In
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Table 14, continuedMedian Individua
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
SOUTH ASIAN ORIGINSWhile just over
Page 124 and 125:
LATIN AMERICAN ORIGINSDue to statis
Page 126 and 127:
There are remarkable ethno-racial d
Page 128 and 129:
Table 15, continuedHome Ownership o
Page 130 and 131:
percent of Italian families own the
Page 132 and 133:
The most severe disadvantage affect
Page 134 and 135:
Men in Lower SkillJobs(Table 8b/Cha
Page 136 and 137:
which included all other African na
Page 138 and 139:
In Lower Skill Non-Manual Occupatio
Page 140 and 141:
skilled non-manual occupations in 1
Page 142:
segregation, the effects of unequal
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