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Role of HRD in Improving Governance in the SAARC RegionDr.JMKB Hajarjhan Mansoor, Deputy Director, SHRDC and Former Director, Education forSocial Cohesion and Peace (ESCP), Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka in her presentation on“Governance and Peace Education: Developing a Mannerly Citizenry through Peace Education”informed that the concept of peace education is not only about eradication of violence, terrorism andextremism, but also to make people to be just, peaceful and nonviolent in a pluralistic society. Sheinformed that Sri Lanka's present education policy gives high priority to peace education. The overalleducation policy is geared to meet nine goals, of which three are particularly relevant to Education forSocial Cohesion and Peace (ESCP). These are: i) the achievement of national cohesion, nationalintegration and national unity; ii) establishing a pervasive system for social justice; iii) the activepartnership in nation-building activities to ensure the continuous nurturing of a deep and abidingconcern for one another. ESCP aims to produce a good citizenry who: can live in a multiculturalsociety, respects diversity, does not compete based on differences, values or tolerates other cultures,trusts others, treats others as human beings; is not racist; can analyze the causes of interculturaldisharmony objectively; is democratic in decision-making, can work in a team without conflict, seeksto understand the ideas of others, can share resources, has an open mind, thinks critically, can actassertively; respects and ensures others' rights; communicates well, and in each others' language, is anactive listener; can solve problems and face challenges, particularly challenges of the multiculturalsociety; can transform conflict, and can think positively, has discovered inner peace, has a peaceful andsustainable lifestyle, can understand his/her own capacity and scope of work; is politically enlightened;is not corrupt or does not accept bribes; serves others without expectations, has civic virtues, is willingto sacrifice; has a global vision and is a global citizen; has the courage to participate in the developmentof the world; is environmentally friendly, does no harm anybody in thoughts or deeds; respects others'feelings, is empathetic; can protect Sri Lankan traditions, culture and values. She argued that provisionof peace education may lead to curb many of the social vices and help the efforts to improvegovernance in the South Asian region.Mr. G. K. Iddamalgoda, in his presentation on “Public Expenditure Management to ImproveGovernance” has examined various approaches of public expenditure management to improvegovernance. He gave an overview of broader public sector expenditure's role, structure resources andexpenditure planning and measures to improve governance. The empirical evidence suggests that poorgovernance undermines growth and development and that, in turn, has an enormous effect on poverty.Distorted public expenditures and investments; deteriorated physical infrastructure; lower publicrevenues and less provision of the rule of law as a public good; overly centralized governmentsubstantially undermine benefits accruing from public expenditure. To him, the political systemdetermines the allocation of scarce resources between competing interests including those of the poor.The challenge is to strengthen the four pillars of governance i.e., accountability, transparency,participation and predictability. These fundamental elements create an enabling environment forsocio-economic development, institutional development and their effectiveness to achieve fiscaldiscipline, mobilize domestic resources, and develop administrative capacity. The public expendituremanagement systems of most South Asian countries have a number of weaknesses associated with bothbudget preparation and budget execution. These weaknesses, in turn, have led to poor budgetperformance, and even planned deficits have been significantly exceeded during the past two decades.There must be an all-inclusive approach to governance that recognizes and protects the rights of all13
SAARC Human Resource Development Centrestakeholders. The good governance framework provides an enabling environment within which itshuman resources can contribute, and bring to bear, their full creative powers towards findinginnovative solutions to shared problems and efficient allocation of public expenditure to providequality public goods to the citizenry.Mr. Muhammad Naeemul Haq, Consultant, National Reconstruction Bureau, in his paper on“Institutional Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation and Good Governance” discussed the keygovernance dimensions such as voice and accountability, political stability and lack of violence,government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption. It has been pointedout that the inadequacies of Pakistan's administrative machinery are the main impediment to theefficient use of country's financial and material resources. The monitoring and evaluation systemsuffers from internal and external pressures emanating from red-tapism, unnecessary controls andhierarchy. The projects fails in implementation due to weak inception or identification, weakpreparation, appraisal and political pressure for there approval. The system of monitoring fails toprovide in time identification of problems effecting project implementation. The system lacks strongand competent managers of known integrity.The questions arise: how the situation can be improved and how can these institutions makethe difference? He recommended that Service Delivery Bodies may revise manuals and instructions tofacilitate the customers; fiscal accountability of all levels of government in particular of the localgovernment service delivery institutions through annual accounts presented to the approving councilas prescribed under law/rules; audit reports presented according to the Constitution/law; annualinspections may be conducted and acted upon in terms of accountability of officials; capacity buildingculture for elected and non-elected functionaries; use of computer technology in service deliveryinstitutions (where feasible.);wider dissemination of information about the changes introduced in thesystems and procedures and; social audit for improved accountability procedures. If institutions areallowed to work effectively, will be able to plug in some of the conduits that lead to eliminate corruptpractices and improve governance in the countryCountry Report PresentationsThe participants presented their respective country reports covering aspects relating to HRDand governance, factors affecting implementation of HRD programs in the region, and future plan ofaction to improve HRD and governance. Country reports are gives as Annex IV.Group Work and RecommendationsIn order to gain practical understanding, participants were divided into four groups to conductdiscussion on the selected themes. After thorough discussion on each subject, each group presented itsfindings/recommendations on the final day of the training course. The recommendations are givenbelow:14
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