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Role of HRD in Improving Governance in the SAARC RegionAccountabilityAccountability ProcessIn PakistanThe word accountability is anglo norman inoriginAccountability is a concept in ethics with severalmeaningsAs a concept of governance, it has been centralto discussions related to problems in both public& private sectorsAccountability in Leadership RoleAccountability is the acknowledgement andassumptions of responsibility for “Actions”“Products” “Decisions” “Policies” including theadministration, governance and implementationwithin The scope of the role or employmentposition and encompassing the obligation toReport, Explain and be Answerable to resultingconsequences.History ofAnti-corruption/Accountability DriveAnti-corruption Drive/ Laws/ Agencies –Developmentprevention of corruption act 1947father of the nation first address to the constituentassembly (linked corruption to poison)extended to all citizens of pakistan as well as govtservantsPRODA (Public Representative Offices DisqualificationAct) 1949EBDO (Elective Bodies Disqualification Order) 1959both proved counter productive viewed as politicalvictimization. both were scrappedHistory ofAnti-corruption/Accountability DriveFIA ACT- 1974 (FIA created a subplanted precursororganization the “Special Police Establishment (SPE).”DFI’s (DEVELOPMENT FINANCE tasked to combatcorruption and bribery within federal govt + publicsector banks, institutions), public sector corporationsetcto combat WCC (White Collar Crime), FIA CreatedEconomic Crime Wing, (were not empowered toinvestigate cases of willful default)upsurge in corruption. the slogan of ‘Ehtisab’(Accountability) was raised in ninetiesHistory ofAnti-corruption/Accountability DriveEhtesab Commission – 1996 raised among highexpectations but performance was disappointingEhtesab Act – 1997 (Ehtesab Cell created)Ehtesab Commission “Defanged” and became conduitfor sending cases to Ehtisab CellGot defamed and viewed again as an instrument ofpolitical victimizationNAB - 199929
SAARC Human Resource Development CentreCauses of CorruptionFinancial/Personnel Mis-managementDiscretionary PowersExtremely Weak Internal AccountabilityDemonstration Effects/Social PressuresGreedComplex/Cumbersome ProceduresLack Of TransparencyCauses of CorruptionPoor SupervisionOver RegulationLack Of Political WillWeak Government Institutions, Parliament,Judiciary & ExecutiveState/PublicReceiptsState RevenueBank DepositsFinance/CoysCoop. SocietiesPublic SectorAreas of Mega CorruptionState ExpensesContract/SuppliesEmbezzlement ofFundsMisuse of FundsLapse of FundsCORRUPTIONState AssetsLandsInfrastructureVehicles and otherCommunicationIncomeGeneratingAssetsState SecretsSensitive InfoStrategic InfoInsider InfoState ObligationsJustice SystemReliefFacilitationEducationAgencies ResponsibleforControlling/Monitoring CorruptionExternalPublic Accounts CommitteeAuditor General Office(Test/Special Audits)National Accountability BureauFederal Investigation AgencyInt BureauAnti Corruption Establishment(Federal/Provincial)OmbudsmanInspection Teams (PM, CM,Governors)Media (New Dimension)DepartmentalDepartmental AuditDepartmental IntelligenceUnits (Like FIU/CUSTOMS INTOF FBR)ACR’S/PER’SFuture Orientation of Accountability System180 degree turn in anti -corruption drive – after issuanceof NRO – on 5 th October 2007NRO was issued fifty six days after ratification of the unconvention against corruptionall proceeding under investigation/cases in courts werehaltedpresent Govt’s orientation – corruption will not be acrime if no accountability is held in three yearsHow to Fight CorruptionChanging AttitudesCreating Enabling EnvironmentsPreventionExternal EnvironmentInternational CooperationUse Of Media/Maximizing CitizenParticipation30
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