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Role of HRD in Improving Governance in the SAARC RegionMedia & idea of aDemocratic Public Spherea) Media’s role in democratisationb) Concept of democratic public spherec) Concept of ‘agora’d) Definition of public sphere“The democratic public sphere represents that space between thestate and the household where free and equal citizens come togetherto share information, to deliberate upon common concerns, and tocooperate and collaborate on solutions to social problems”Significance of democratic publicspherea) Promotion of governanceb) Greater responsiveness from governmentsc) Promotion of informed citizenryd) Better political choicese) Transparency and accountabilityf) Attainment of human development goalsg) International understanding and peaceh) Greater awareness of diverse viewsi) Economic benefits of communicationj) Other beneficial consequencesRole Of Journalists AsWatchdogsa) Help guard the public interest,b) Ensure the accountability of powerful decision makersc) Strengthen the transparency and effectiveness ofgovernanced) Disseminate even-handedly information about publicaffairse) Investigate the behaviour of decision makersf) Ask hard and probing questions of the powerfulg) Investigate claims of public officials, scrutinise theaction of corporate elitesh) Give whistleblowers a voiceRole Of Journalists AsAgenda Settersa) Raise awareness of pervasive social problemsb) Turn public attention to matters of common interestc) Inform governing officials about social needsd) Highlight issues for public and for politicianse) Operate like a burglar alarmf) Make people and the government more responsiveg) Connect elected representatives with the needs of theirconstituentsh) Inform the international community aboutdevelopment challengesRole Of Journalists AsGatekeepersa) Reflect and incorporate the plurality of viewpoints andpolitical persuasions in reportingb) Maximize the diversity of perspectives and argumentsheard in rational public deliberationsc) Provide inclusive opportunities for participation andvoiced) Encourage a vital and lively national deliberativeprocesse) Reduce underlying causes of conflictf) Represent the marginalised sections of the societyg) Give a balanced coverage of all political parties andissuesOther functionsas educators of the public,spokespersons for authorities,active advocates for reform, orforces for strengthening collective national identities.Conditions ideal for achieving triple goals are:a) Role of the Stateb) Role of the Marketc) Role of Profession49
SAARC Human Resource Development CentreRole of‘Soft Power’in DevelopmentSyed Hasan JavedAdditional Secretary (Asia Pacific)Ministry of Foreign Affairs“The emergence of Great powers is also theconsequence of special responsibility combinedwith inherent physical capability. The momentor the historical trend must be congenial to theflowering of a dominant, catalytic state that hassomething of importance to say to the world atlarge---be it through a civilization mission or adoctrinal revelation or a compelling socialexample”.(Pages 116 - 118, The faceless Rivals, Out of Control,Dr. Zbigniew Brizezniski)Rise ofGreat PowersDefinition‘Soft power’ is an ability to influenceothers. It is also called charmoffensive, public diplomacy etc.• Cultural heritage• Religious belief systems• Genetic inheritance• Social value system• Family values• Tribal and Clan ethics• Education and trainingSource of‘soft power’Films,, Dramas, Theatre, PoetrySports, Games, Acrobatics, GymnasticsMusic, Dances, Arts, Paintings,Food, Fashions, Festivals , PageantryBooks, Publications,Tourism, Seminars, Workshops, ConferencesPrint and electronic media,Conversation, Speech, Internet, Telephone,Sms, Face book, Blogs, TwitterMedium of‘Soft Power’50
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