PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

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X. REFERENCESBankes, Steven C. 2002. “Tools and Techniques for Developing Policies for Complex andUncertain Systems,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99: 7263-7266.Castrilli, F. and T. Vigod, 1987. Pesticides in Canada: An Examination of Federal Law andPolicy, Protection of Life Series, prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, the LawReform Commission of Canada.Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) 1999. Report toParliament.Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD) 2003. Report of theCommissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development to the House of Commons, Ch.1. Managing the safety and accessibility of pesticides. Cat. No FA1-2/2003-IE , Minister ofPublic Works and Government Services Canada,.Government of Canada 2001. A Canadian perspective on the Precautionary Approach/Principle.Funtowitz, S, and J. Ravetz. 1990. Uncertainty and quality in science for policy. Kluwer,Dordrecht.Goklany, I.M. 2001. The Precautionary Principal: A critical appraisal of environmental riskassessment. Cato Institute, Washington, D.C.Goklany, I.M. 2002. From precautionary principle to risk-risk analysis. Nature Biotechnology.20: 1075.Harwood, J., Stokes, K., Holling, C.S. (Eds). 1978. Coping with uncertainty in ecological advice:lessons from fisheries Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Adaptive environmental assessment andmanagement. Volume: 18, Issue: 12, December, 2003, pp. 617-622. John Wiley, New York,New York, USA.Leiss W. 2001, In the Chamber of Risks. Montreal: McGill-Queens University PressLee, K.N. 1993. Compass and gyroscope: Integrating science and politics for the environment.Island Press, Washington, DC.Lee, K. N. 1999. Appraising adaptive management. Conservation Ecology 3: 3. [online] URL:http://www.consecol.org/vol3/iss2/art3/Lempert, Robert J., 2002, “New Decision Sciences for Complex Systems.” Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences. 99: 7309-7313.O=Riordan, T., Cameron, J. and A. Jordan. (Eds.) 2001. Re-Interpreting the PrecautionaryPrinciple. London: Camera and May Ltd.C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel – Potentially Practicing Precaution: Canadian Pesticide D-83Regulation and the Pest Regulation Management Agency
Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 1998. Good laboratory practices. RegulatoryDriective DIR 98-01, Submission Management and Information Division, Pest ManagementRegulatory Agency.Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), Proposed Amendments to the Pest ControlProducts Act, January 1999.Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2000. A decision framework forrisk assessmentand rsik management at the Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Science Policy Notice SPN2000-01, Submission Management and Information Division, Pest Management RegulatoryAgency.Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2003a. General principles for performingaggregate exposure and risk assessments. Science Policy Notice SPN2003-04, SubmissionManagement and Information Division , Pest Management Regulatory Agency .Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2003b. Assessing exposures from pesticides infood: a user’s guide. Science Policy Notice SPN2003-03, Submission Management andInformation Division, Pest Management Regulatory Agency .Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2003c. Pesticide adverse effects reportingregulation. DIS 2003-03, Submission Management and Information Division Pest ManagementRegulatory AgencyPest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2003d. Preliminary consultation on proposedsales reporting regulation . DIS 2003-04. Pest Management Regulatory Agency .Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2004a. Pest Management Regulatory AgencyProgress Report, 1998-2003. Catalogue number: H114-13/2003E (H114-13/2003E-PDF),Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada .Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), 2004b. Strategic Plan 2003-2008. CatalogueNumber: H114-14/2003E-PDF, Minister of Public Works and Government Services.Popper, K. (1965). Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge, Harperand Row, New YorkPopper, S.W., Lempert, R.J and S.C. Bankes. 2005. Shaping the future. Scientific AmericanVol. 292 Issue 4, p66, 6pStanding Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development (SCESD) 2000. Making theright choice for the protection of health and the environment.Suter, G.W., 1993. Ecological risk assessment. Lewis Publishers, Michigan.Walters, C.J. 1986. Adaptive Management of Renewable Resources. New York: Macmillan.C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel – Potentially Practicing Precaution: Canadian Pesticide D-84Regulation and the Pest Regulation Management Agency
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PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPracticing Precauti
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A- EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONWit
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This study must be considered as an
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The regulatory scheme does not expl
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increased the TAC. However, for cod
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B - INTRODUCTION: UNCERTAINTY, PREC
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mechanisms of participation, such a
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Some causes of uncertainty are more
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The distinction between principle a
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estimates serve as a notional bench
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1 As Jonathan Wiener emphasizes, re
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C- RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEVALUATING I
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questionnaire: for each concept, th
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D-2
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Nathalie Chalifour & Yves Prévost
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III.B.4. Principe 4.4 Il devrait y
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Le Canada a aussi des obligations e
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En septembre 2001, le gouvernement
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données de l’ACIA. Le Service ca
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II.B. Les NIMP 2 et les ARP’s de
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L’AF se qualifie comme OQ, car l
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II.C. Les règlements additionnels
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II.C.1e. Règlement sur l’indemni
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II.C.2d. Règlement sur l’indemni
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défi est donc de savoir quand s’
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III.B.3. Principe 4.3 L’applicati
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arrivent aux ports canadiens tous l
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VI. ANNEXE I. ABRÉVIATIONSACIAAgen
Page 59 and 60: 29 Kai N. Lee, « Appraising Adapti
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Page 63 and 64: Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
Page 65 and 66: Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
Page 67 and 68: As a result, a new plant is exempt
Page 69 and 70: decision-maker “shall” refuse t
Page 71 and 72: the intermediate situation, proof o
Page 73 and 74: data and relevant scientific inform
Page 75 and 76: The PBO has already anticipated the
Page 77 and 78: As noted earlier, the environmental
Page 79 and 80: Biosafety Office (PBO). The plants
Page 81 and 82: In the judgment of the Expert Panel
Page 83 and 84: espect to the test data submitted a
Page 85 and 86: 40 These are (1) the potential of t
Page 87 and 88: 93 Ibid.94 Directive 94-08, supra n
Page 89 and 90: C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
Page 91 and 92: C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
Page 93 and 94: III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PESTICIDE R
Page 95 and 96: into account its conditions or prop
Page 97 and 98: manner representative of the route,
Page 99 and 100: Precisely how the various uncertain
Page 101 and 102: In the past, special reviews have b
Page 103 and 104: VIII.C. Is PMRA practicing precauti
Page 105 and 106: From these considerations, the mini
Page 107 and 108: effects of decisions are systematic
Page 109: eported. Note furthermore that this
Page 113 and 114: Dan E. Lane - Setting TACs in the 4
Page 115 and 116: LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Stock Status
Page 117 and 118: Environment). As it expanded, Canad
Page 119 and 120: 3) FRCC prepare TAC recommendations
Page 121 and 122: 4) The Minister’s Final DecisionB
Page 123 and 124: 7) Outlook - highlights of the abun
Page 125 and 126: ultimate authority for all access a
Page 127 and 128: II. CASE STUDYII.A. Setting TACs in
Page 129 and 130: Scotian Shelf. Approximately 50% of
Page 131 and 132: The prognoses of the stocks for 200
Page 133 and 134: F0.1, used as the benchmark rate, m
Page 135 and 136: Sources ofUncertaintyAge Structure:
Page 137 and 138: Sources ofUncertaintyPrincipal sour
Page 139 and 140: OutlookIndicators of Abundance:Indi
Page 141 and 142: ManagementConsiderationsEcosystemCo
Page 143 and 144: constructed on the basis of the wei
Page 145 and 146: expected growth in the stock, and t
Page 147 and 148: IV. RECOMMENDATIONSIV.A. Case study
Page 149 and 150: V. REFERENCESCanada 2005. A Framewo
Page 151 and 152: Hutchings, J.A. 1996. Spatial and t
Page 153 and 154: VI. APPENDIX AStock Status Report D
Page 155 and 156: VII. Appendix B2002 and 2003 Docume
Page 157 and 158: Sources of UncertaintyOutlookSPA -
Page 159 and 160: E- COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEA
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COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
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TABLE OF CONTENTSI. PRACTICING PREC
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I. PRACTICING PRECAUTION - EXPLORAT
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Table 3: Questions with missing dat
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Figure 1. The raw data from the que
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Figure 4. S(n) versus n for Part II
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I.F.2. Approach #2 (dimension reduc
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Data reduction to 2 variablesII_220
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I_1210-1-21pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcas
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II. PRACTICING PRECAUTION EXPLORATO
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II.C. GoalsThe goal of this examina
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Figures 16, 17, and 18 do not contr
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Conclusions & Summary F-2
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Conclusions & Summary F-4
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one government department to anothe
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involves the scrutiny of procedural
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can assess the risks inherent in a
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entrenched in the treaties and legi
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III. REFORM POSSIBILITIESFactoring
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ased decision-making. Finally, thes
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The answers will depend on context,
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ased on the administrative principl
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decisions must maintain the adminis
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Potential Future WorkAmong the many
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On the South Australia Environment,
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G - APPENDICES:i. Document Question
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Practicing PrecautionTo which case
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10) The following is a list of "pre
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15) There are many different source
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• Decisions are treated as scient
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Revised February 25, 2005PRACTICING
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II.1. Does the legislation constitu
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III.2.a Does the legislation contai
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III.8.i “endangered”III.8.j “
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III.13.a Uncertainty about effects
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IV.5.g Monitoring is conducted by t
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V.7.Do decision-makers have access
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iii. WORKSHOP SUMMARY“Precaution,
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science, to Type I and Type II erro
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iv. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTSMARCH 8 th
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NATHALIE DES ROSIERS613-562-5902nat
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Mike WilsonDirector, Strategic Issu
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