PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

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Figure 6. S(n) versus n for Part IV of the questionnaire. Forestry (R) and Fisheries (F)separate from the other two cases over the entire Part.Figure 7. S(n) versus n for Part V of the questionnaire. There is an early separation overthe first 5 questions of the Part, and then relative stability.André Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-14Exploratory Data Analysis of the Institutional Questionnaire
I.F.2. Approach #2 (dimension reduction method)In this section we employ principal components analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimension of thedata to more readily interpretable values. For each Part, we first remove those variables withmissing data or which are all of one value. Score variables are defined as sums of certain 0/1(yes/no) variables to replace those multi-part questions by a single numeric score. For a groupof related questions (e.g. in a Part), we will employ PCA to suggest the one or two composite(linear combinations) variables that best distinguish among the cases. This is illustrated here indetail for Part I: the other Parts are handled similarly.I4b87F6G54F3G2 F1 GFG01pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcaseFigure 8. A plot of the responses to questions I4b,c,d against case.Part I comprises only 3 retained questionnaire questions; I4b, I4c and I4d. Figure 8 shows theresponses plotted against case, and it is evident that 2 of the 3 questions (I4c and I4d) yieldalmost identical patterns of response across the 4 cases. The third question (I4b) can be made tofollow the same pattern by considering instead its negative (mirror). Consequently we mayargue that the information conveyed by these three variables can be summarized by a singlecomposite variable, I_1= (( I 4c+ I 4d) / 2) − I 4b, shown in Figure 9. PCA (executed using SAS)obtains the best composite variable automatically, and so suggests the one or two compositevariables that can best be used to summarize the information in a large number of questions, andto indicate which cases are similar to each other for that Part. In the case of Part I, the compositevariable seems to capture approximately 95% of the variation present in the original data set.This analysis must, however, be considered as exploratory. It remains that with only 4 cases, wewill always have but a deformed tetrahedron in our data space, and its projection onto onecoordinate will not carry that much information. We stress that the amount of data here isinsufficient for a statistical analysis, and that this decomposition is more a dimension-reductionexercise than a statistical one.André Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-15Exploratory Data Analysis of the Institutional Questionnaire
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PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPracticing Precauti
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A- EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONWit
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This study must be considered as an
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The regulatory scheme does not expl
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increased the TAC. However, for cod
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B - INTRODUCTION: UNCERTAINTY, PREC
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mechanisms of participation, such a
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Some causes of uncertainty are more
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The distinction between principle a
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estimates serve as a notional bench
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1 As Jonathan Wiener emphasizes, re
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C- RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEVALUATING I
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questionnaire: for each concept, th
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D-2
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Nathalie Chalifour & Yves Prévost
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III.B.4. Principe 4.4 Il devrait y
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Le Canada a aussi des obligations e
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En septembre 2001, le gouvernement
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données de l’ACIA. Le Service ca
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II.B. Les NIMP 2 et les ARP’s de
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L’AF se qualifie comme OQ, car l
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II.C. Les règlements additionnels
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II.C.1e. Règlement sur l’indemni
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II.C.2d. Règlement sur l’indemni
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défi est donc de savoir quand s’
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III.B.3. Principe 4.3 L’applicati
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arrivent aux ports canadiens tous l
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VI. ANNEXE I. ABRÉVIATIONSACIAAgen
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29 Kai N. Lee, « Appraising Adapti
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D-34
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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As a result, a new plant is exempt
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decision-maker “shall” refuse t
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the intermediate situation, proof o
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data and relevant scientific inform
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The PBO has already anticipated the
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As noted earlier, the environmental
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Biosafety Office (PBO). The plants
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In the judgment of the Expert Panel
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espect to the test data submitted a
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40 These are (1) the potential of t
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93 Ibid.94 Directive 94-08, supra n
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PESTICIDE R
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into account its conditions or prop
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manner representative of the route,
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Precisely how the various uncertain
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In the past, special reviews have b
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VIII.C. Is PMRA practicing precauti
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From these considerations, the mini
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effects of decisions are systematic
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eported. Note furthermore that this
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Pest Management Regulatory Agency (
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Dan E. Lane - Setting TACs in the 4
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LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Stock Status
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Environment). As it expanded, Canad
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3) FRCC prepare TAC recommendations
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Page 125 and 126: ultimate authority for all access a
Page 127 and 128: II. CASE STUDYII.A. Setting TACs in
Page 129 and 130: Scotian Shelf. Approximately 50% of
Page 131 and 132: The prognoses of the stocks for 200
Page 133 and 134: F0.1, used as the benchmark rate, m
Page 135 and 136: Sources ofUncertaintyAge Structure:
Page 137 and 138: Sources ofUncertaintyPrincipal sour
Page 139 and 140: OutlookIndicators of Abundance:Indi
Page 141 and 142: ManagementConsiderationsEcosystemCo
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Page 147 and 148: IV. RECOMMENDATIONSIV.A. Case study
Page 149 and 150: V. REFERENCESCanada 2005. A Framewo
Page 151 and 152: Hutchings, J.A. 1996. Spatial and t
Page 153 and 154: VI. APPENDIX AStock Status Report D
Page 155 and 156: VII. Appendix B2002 and 2003 Docume
Page 157 and 158: Sources of UncertaintyOutlookSPA -
Page 159 and 160: E- COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEA
Page 161 and 162: COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Page 163 and 164: TABLE OF CONTENTSI. PRACTICING PREC
Page 165 and 166: I. PRACTICING PRECAUTION - EXPLORAT
Page 167 and 168: Table 3: Questions with missing dat
Page 169 and 170: Figure 1. The raw data from the que
Page 171: Figure 4. S(n) versus n for Part II
Page 175 and 176: Data reduction to 2 variablesII_220
Page 177 and 178: I_1210-1-21pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcas
Page 179 and 180: II. PRACTICING PRECAUTION EXPLORATO
Page 181 and 182: II.C. GoalsThe goal of this examina
Page 183 and 184: Figures 16, 17, and 18 do not contr
Page 185 and 186: Conclusions & Summary F-2
Page 187 and 188: Conclusions & Summary F-4
Page 189 and 190: one government department to anothe
Page 191 and 192: involves the scrutiny of procedural
Page 193 and 194: can assess the risks inherent in a
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Page 197 and 198: III. REFORM POSSIBILITIESFactoring
Page 199 and 200: ased decision-making. Finally, thes
Page 201 and 202: The answers will depend on context,
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Page 205 and 206: decisions must maintain the adminis
Page 207 and 208: Potential Future WorkAmong the many
Page 209 and 210: On the South Australia Environment,
Page 211 and 212: G - APPENDICES:i. Document Question
Page 213 and 214: Practicing PrecautionTo which case
Page 215 and 216: 10) The following is a list of "pre
Page 217 and 218: 15) There are many different source
Page 219 and 220: • Decisions are treated as scient
Page 221 and 222: Revised February 25, 2005PRACTICING
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II.1. Does the legislation constitu
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III.2.a Does the legislation contai
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III.8.i “endangered”III.8.j “
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III.13.a Uncertainty about effects
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IV.5.g Monitoring is conducted by t
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V.7.Do decision-makers have access
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iii. WORKSHOP SUMMARY“Precaution,
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science, to Type I and Type II erro
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iv. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTSMARCH 8 th
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NATHALIE DES ROSIERS613-562-5902nat
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Mike WilsonDirector, Strategic Issu
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