PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

5Y (Fig 1). This bottom-dwelling species is a member of the cod family and feeds mainly onsmall invertebrates. Haddock in the Bay of Fundy grow more rapidly than those on the southernFig 1. NAFO Fishery Divisions of the Northwest Atlantic including 4X5YDan E. Lane – Setting TACs in the 4X5Y Cod and Haddock Fisheries D-101
Scotian Shelf. Approximately 50% of female haddock are mature by age 3; however the numberof eggs produced by a female of this age is low and increases dramatically with age. BrownsBank is the major spawning area for the stock and peak spawning occurs in April/May. Reportedannual landings have been as high as 43,000t and the long-term average is about 18,000t.Landings have been below 11,000t since 1988. Historically this fishery has been dominated bymobile gear except during 1990-93 when the proportion of landings taken by fixed gear wasgreater. Quotas for this stock were introduced in 1970 and a spawning season/area closure hasbeen in place since that time. In 2003, the TAC was 10,000t - the highest TAC since 1990.Haddock are caught together with cod in the fishery in 4X5Y (DFO 2003b).II.A.2. Management IssuesCod and haddock are captured together in the mixed fishery of 4X5Y together with pollock andflatfish, white hake, Atlantic halibut, cusk, and monkfish. Bycatches in this fishery is a particularconcern, e.g., cusk is designated as “threatened” by the Committee on the Status of EndangeredWildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) (see also http://www.cosewic.ca/).Mobile gear is more successful in avoiding cod in the targeted haddock fishery whereasthe ratio of cod and haddock in the fixed gear fisheries are closer to 50-50 by proportion.Avoiding cod while targeting haddock is a particular management concern. Part of this is due tothe understanding in the fixed gear fishery that cod are more attracted to the hook than arehaddock. In recent years as the abundance of haddock has increased and that of cod has not, codhas become a non-targeted bycatch in a directed fishery for the more highly valued haddockcatch. Bycatch of cod has been a continuing concern for the haddock fishery as the stockscontinue to move in opposite directions. Actual fishing mortality of cod and haddock haveremained uncertain due to incidences of discarding, especially of cod in recent years. Only asmall proportion of trips landing cod and haddock in 4X5Y are observed and monitored. Bothcod and haddock are subject to fishing regulations with respect to small fish protocols and meshsize used by gillnets and otter trawls.II.A.3. Stock PrognosesThe current position and consequently the outlook for the cod and haddock stocks vary. Figure 2gives the time series profile of cod abundance estimates and annual catches since 1970 throughto 2002. Cod has experienced a small increase in estimated biomass since 1999 however, theyear-over-year increases are small and fishing mortality estimates remain high despite restrictivequotas since the mid-1990s. Biomass estimates are still near historic lows relative to the highperiod of the late 1970s and early 1980s and recruitment levels have been low throughout the 90s(with the sole exception of 1993). Longer-term increases in cod biomass are dependent onreductions in the mortality rate. Finally, relative to biomass thresholds, recent estimates indicatethat the stock is not yet achieving its targets (DFO 2003a).Dan E. Lane – Setting TACs in the 4X5Y Cod and Haddock Fisheries D-102
Page 1 and 2:
PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPracticing Precauti
Page 5 and 6:
A- EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONWit
Page 7 and 8:
This study must be considered as an
Page 9 and 10:
The regulatory scheme does not expl
Page 11 and 12:
increased the TAC. However, for cod
Page 13 and 14:
B - INTRODUCTION: UNCERTAINTY, PREC
Page 15 and 16:
mechanisms of participation, such a
Page 17 and 18:
Some causes of uncertainty are more
Page 19 and 20:
The distinction between principle a
Page 21 and 22:
estimates serve as a notional bench
Page 23 and 24:
1 As Jonathan Wiener emphasizes, re
Page 25 and 26:
C- RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEVALUATING I
Page 27 and 28:
questionnaire: for each concept, th
Page 29 and 30:
D-2
Page 31 and 32:
Nathalie Chalifour & Yves Prévost
Page 33 and 34:
III.B.4. Principe 4.4 Il devrait y
Page 35 and 36:
Le Canada a aussi des obligations e
Page 37 and 38:
En septembre 2001, le gouvernement
Page 39 and 40:
données de l’ACIA. Le Service ca
Page 41 and 42:
II.B. Les NIMP 2 et les ARP’s de
Page 43 and 44:
L’AF se qualifie comme OQ, car l
Page 45 and 46:
II.C. Les règlements additionnels
Page 47 and 48:
II.C.1e. Règlement sur l’indemni
Page 49 and 50:
II.C.2d. Règlement sur l’indemni
Page 51 and 52:
défi est donc de savoir quand s’
Page 53 and 54:
III.B.3. Principe 4.3 L’applicati
Page 55 and 56:
arrivent aux ports canadiens tous l
Page 57 and 58:
VI. ANNEXE I. ABRÉVIATIONSACIAAgen
Page 59 and 60:
29 Kai N. Lee, « Appraising Adapti
Page 61 and 62:
D-34
Page 63 and 64:
Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
Page 65 and 66:
Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
Page 67 and 68:
As a result, a new plant is exempt
Page 69 and 70:
decision-maker “shall” refuse t
Page 71 and 72:
the intermediate situation, proof o
Page 73 and 74:
data and relevant scientific inform
Page 75 and 76:
The PBO has already anticipated the
Page 77 and 78: As noted earlier, the environmental
Page 79 and 80: Biosafety Office (PBO). The plants
Page 81 and 82: In the judgment of the Expert Panel
Page 83 and 84: espect to the test data submitted a
Page 85 and 86: 40 These are (1) the potential of t
Page 87 and 88: 93 Ibid.94 Directive 94-08, supra n
Page 89 and 90: C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
Page 91 and 92: C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
Page 93 and 94: III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PESTICIDE R
Page 95 and 96: into account its conditions or prop
Page 97 and 98: manner representative of the route,
Page 99 and 100: Precisely how the various uncertain
Page 101 and 102: In the past, special reviews have b
Page 103 and 104: VIII.C. Is PMRA practicing precauti
Page 105 and 106: From these considerations, the mini
Page 107 and 108: effects of decisions are systematic
Page 109 and 110: eported. Note furthermore that this
Page 111 and 112: Pest Management Regulatory Agency (
Page 113 and 114: Dan E. Lane - Setting TACs in the 4
Page 115 and 116: LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Stock Status
Page 117 and 118: Environment). As it expanded, Canad
Page 119 and 120: 3) FRCC prepare TAC recommendations
Page 121 and 122: 4) The Minister’s Final DecisionB
Page 123 and 124: 7) Outlook - highlights of the abun
Page 125 and 126: ultimate authority for all access a
Page 127: II. CASE STUDYII.A. Setting TACs in
Page 131 and 132: The prognoses of the stocks for 200
Page 133 and 134: F0.1, used as the benchmark rate, m
Page 135 and 136: Sources ofUncertaintyAge Structure:
Page 137 and 138: Sources ofUncertaintyPrincipal sour
Page 139 and 140: OutlookIndicators of Abundance:Indi
Page 141 and 142: ManagementConsiderationsEcosystemCo
Page 143 and 144: constructed on the basis of the wei
Page 145 and 146: expected growth in the stock, and t
Page 147 and 148: IV. RECOMMENDATIONSIV.A. Case study
Page 149 and 150: V. REFERENCESCanada 2005. A Framewo
Page 151 and 152: Hutchings, J.A. 1996. Spatial and t
Page 153 and 154: VI. APPENDIX AStock Status Report D
Page 155 and 156: VII. Appendix B2002 and 2003 Docume
Page 157 and 158: Sources of UncertaintyOutlookSPA -
Page 159 and 160: E- COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEA
Page 161 and 162: COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Page 163 and 164: TABLE OF CONTENTSI. PRACTICING PREC
Page 165 and 166: I. PRACTICING PRECAUTION - EXPLORAT
Page 167 and 168: Table 3: Questions with missing dat
Page 169 and 170: Figure 1. The raw data from the que
Page 171 and 172: Figure 4. S(n) versus n for Part II
Page 173 and 174: I.F.2. Approach #2 (dimension reduc
Page 175 and 176: Data reduction to 2 variablesII_220
Page 177 and 178: I_1210-1-21pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcas
Page 179 and 180:
II. PRACTICING PRECAUTION EXPLORATO
Page 181 and 182:
II.C. GoalsThe goal of this examina
Page 183 and 184:
Figures 16, 17, and 18 do not contr
Page 185 and 186:
Conclusions & Summary F-2
Page 187 and 188:
Conclusions & Summary F-4
Page 189 and 190:
one government department to anothe
Page 191 and 192:
involves the scrutiny of procedural
Page 193 and 194:
can assess the risks inherent in a
Page 195 and 196:
entrenched in the treaties and legi
Page 197 and 198:
III. REFORM POSSIBILITIESFactoring
Page 199 and 200:
ased decision-making. Finally, thes
Page 201 and 202:
The answers will depend on context,
Page 203 and 204:
ased on the administrative principl
Page 205 and 206:
decisions must maintain the adminis
Page 207 and 208:
Potential Future WorkAmong the many
Page 209 and 210:
On the South Australia Environment,
Page 211 and 212:
G - APPENDICES:i. Document Question
Page 213 and 214:
Practicing PrecautionTo which case
Page 215 and 216:
10) The following is a list of "pre
Page 217 and 218:
15) There are many different source
Page 219 and 220:
• Decisions are treated as scient
Page 221 and 222:
Revised February 25, 2005PRACTICING
Page 223 and 224:
II.1. Does the legislation constitu
Page 225 and 226:
III.2.a Does the legislation contai
Page 227 and 228:
III.8.i “endangered”III.8.j “
Page 229 and 230:
III.13.a Uncertainty about effects
Page 231 and 232:
IV.5.g Monitoring is conducted by t
Page 233 and 234:
V.7.Do decision-makers have access
Page 235 and 236:
iii. WORKSHOP SUMMARY“Precaution,
Page 237 and 238:
science, to Type I and Type II erro
Page 239 and 240:
iv. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTSMARCH 8 th
Page 241 and 242:
NATHALIE DES ROSIERS613-562-5902nat
Page 243:
Mike WilsonDirector, Strategic Issu
show all

PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?