PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

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of qualitative and quantitative measurements because of these additions, and consequentlydifficult to analyze. In an attempt to accommodate this change, the actual data will be treated asnumeric where 0 sits at the left-hand end of the 1-7 scale, and “2” is recoded as “0” (false/no).This is perhaps justified by making the equivalence between a lack of knowledge and a negativeresponse.A second data issue that arose were the significant number of questions for which one ormore of the case studies did not respond at all (missing data) or for which all the case studiesprovided identical responses. In both cases, these questions had to be deleted from the database:missing values could not be imputed to fill in the gaps when only 4 cases were evaluated, andconstant responses across cases did not help in distinguishing one case from another.Table 1: Questions suppressed from the database due to missing data orconstant response.I2c I2d I3b I4a I4eII2a II2b II3 II4a II4b II4c II4dIII2b III3a III3e III4b III7a III7b III8c III8f III8gIII8h III8i III8j III9a III9c III9f III9g III9h III9iIII9j III10b III10c III10e III10f III10g III10h III10iIII10j III13aIV1 IV2_1a IV2_1b IV2_2a IV2_2b IV2_2c IV2_2eb IV5b IV7aIV7b IV8a IV8d IV9b IV9c IV9dV5b V6a V6b V10a V10b V14a V14b V14c V14d V14e V14f V19V20 V21a V21b V21c V21d V22V23a V23c V24b V24cTable 2: Values for Questions with constant response.Question Value Question Value Question Value Question Value Question ValueI2c 0 I2d 0 I4a 7 I4e 1II3 1III3a 7 III3e 1 III4b 7 III8c 0 III8f 0III8g 0 III9a 1 III9c 0 III9f 0 III9g 0III10b 0 III10c 0IV1 0 IV2_1a 0 IV2_2a 1 IV2_2b 1 IV2_2c 1IV9c 1V17 0 V22 1 V23a 1 V23c 1 V24b 1V24c 1André Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-8Exploratory Data Analysis of the Institutional Questionnaire
Table 3: Questions with missing data for some or all cases.Questionnumobs pest_ fish_ gmo_ frst_ avgI3b 2 . 3 . 10 6.50000II2a 3 0 . 0 0 0.00000III7a 3 5 6 . 7 6.00000III7b 3 7 3 . 6 5.33333III8h 2 0 1 . . 0.50000III8i 2 0 1 . . 0.50000III8j 1 1 . . . 1.00000III9h 2 0 1 . . 0.50000III9i 2 0 1 . . 0.50000III9j 1 1 . . . 1.00000III10e 3 . 0 0 0 0.00000III10f 3 . 0 0 0 0.00000III10g 3 . 0 0 0 0.00000III10h 1 . 1 . . 1.00000III10i 1 . 1 . . 1.00000III10j 1 1 . . . 1.00000III13a 3 7 0 . 1 2.66667IV5b 2 0 . 0 . 0.00000IV7a 3 0 . 2 2 1.33333IV7b 3 0 . 2 2 1.33333IV8a 3 0 . 0 1 0.33333IV8d 2 . . 2 2 2.00000IV9b 3 15 1 1 . 5.66667IV9d 3 . 1 0 1 0.66667V6a 3 1 1 . 1 1.00000V6b 3 1 1 . 1 1.00000V10a 1 . 1 . . 1.00000V10b 1 . 0 . . 0.00000V14a 2 1 1 . . 1.00000V14b 2 1 1 . . 1.00000V14c 2 1 1 . . 1.00000V14d 2 1 1 . . 1.00000V14e 2 1 1 . . 1.00000V14f 0 . . . . .V19 3 1 1 . 0 0.66667V20 2 2 . 2 . 2.00000V21a 3 1 1 . 1 1.00000V21b 3 0 0 . 0 0.00000V21c 3 0 0 . 0 0.00000V21d 3 0 0 . 0 0.00000avg=average over non-missing observationsnumobs=number of non-missing entriesAndré Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-9Exploratory Data Analysis of the Institutional Questionnaire
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PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPracticing Precauti
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A- EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONWit
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This study must be considered as an
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The regulatory scheme does not expl
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increased the TAC. However, for cod
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B - INTRODUCTION: UNCERTAINTY, PREC
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mechanisms of participation, such a
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Some causes of uncertainty are more
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The distinction between principle a
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estimates serve as a notional bench
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1 As Jonathan Wiener emphasizes, re
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C- RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEVALUATING I
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questionnaire: for each concept, th
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D-2
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Nathalie Chalifour & Yves Prévost
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III.B.4. Principe 4.4 Il devrait y
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Le Canada a aussi des obligations e
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En septembre 2001, le gouvernement
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données de l’ACIA. Le Service ca
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II.B. Les NIMP 2 et les ARP’s de
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L’AF se qualifie comme OQ, car l
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II.C. Les règlements additionnels
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II.C.1e. Règlement sur l’indemni
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II.C.2d. Règlement sur l’indemni
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défi est donc de savoir quand s’
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III.B.3. Principe 4.3 L’applicati
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arrivent aux ports canadiens tous l
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VI. ANNEXE I. ABRÉVIATIONSACIAAgen
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29 Kai N. Lee, « Appraising Adapti
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D-34
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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As a result, a new plant is exempt
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decision-maker “shall” refuse t
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the intermediate situation, proof o
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data and relevant scientific inform
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The PBO has already anticipated the
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As noted earlier, the environmental
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Biosafety Office (PBO). The plants
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In the judgment of the Expert Panel
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espect to the test data submitted a
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40 These are (1) the potential of t
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93 Ibid.94 Directive 94-08, supra n
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PESTICIDE R
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into account its conditions or prop
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manner representative of the route,
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Precisely how the various uncertain
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In the past, special reviews have b
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VIII.C. Is PMRA practicing precauti
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From these considerations, the mini
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effects of decisions are systematic
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eported. Note furthermore that this
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Pest Management Regulatory Agency (
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Dan E. Lane - Setting TACs in the 4
Page 115 and 116: LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Stock Status
Page 117 and 118: Environment). As it expanded, Canad
Page 119 and 120: 3) FRCC prepare TAC recommendations
Page 121 and 122: 4) The Minister’s Final DecisionB
Page 123 and 124: 7) Outlook - highlights of the abun
Page 125 and 126: ultimate authority for all access a
Page 127 and 128: II. CASE STUDYII.A. Setting TACs in
Page 129 and 130: Scotian Shelf. Approximately 50% of
Page 131 and 132: The prognoses of the stocks for 200
Page 133 and 134: F0.1, used as the benchmark rate, m
Page 135 and 136: Sources ofUncertaintyAge Structure:
Page 137 and 138: Sources ofUncertaintyPrincipal sour
Page 139 and 140: OutlookIndicators of Abundance:Indi
Page 141 and 142: ManagementConsiderationsEcosystemCo
Page 143 and 144: constructed on the basis of the wei
Page 145 and 146: expected growth in the stock, and t
Page 147 and 148: IV. RECOMMENDATIONSIV.A. Case study
Page 149 and 150: V. REFERENCESCanada 2005. A Framewo
Page 151 and 152: Hutchings, J.A. 1996. Spatial and t
Page 153 and 154: VI. APPENDIX AStock Status Report D
Page 155 and 156: VII. Appendix B2002 and 2003 Docume
Page 157 and 158: Sources of UncertaintyOutlookSPA -
Page 159 and 160: E- COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEA
Page 161 and 162: COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Page 163 and 164: TABLE OF CONTENTSI. PRACTICING PREC
Page 165: I. PRACTICING PRECAUTION - EXPLORAT
Page 169 and 170: Figure 1. The raw data from the que
Page 171 and 172: Figure 4. S(n) versus n for Part II
Page 173 and 174: I.F.2. Approach #2 (dimension reduc
Page 175 and 176: Data reduction to 2 variablesII_220
Page 177 and 178: I_1210-1-21pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcas
Page 179 and 180: II. PRACTICING PRECAUTION EXPLORATO
Page 181 and 182: II.C. GoalsThe goal of this examina
Page 183 and 184: Figures 16, 17, and 18 do not contr
Page 185 and 186: Conclusions & Summary F-2
Page 187 and 188: Conclusions & Summary F-4
Page 189 and 190: one government department to anothe
Page 191 and 192: involves the scrutiny of procedural
Page 193 and 194: can assess the risks inherent in a
Page 195 and 196: entrenched in the treaties and legi
Page 197 and 198: III. REFORM POSSIBILITIESFactoring
Page 199 and 200: ased decision-making. Finally, thes
Page 201 and 202: The answers will depend on context,
Page 203 and 204: ased on the administrative principl
Page 205 and 206: decisions must maintain the adminis
Page 207 and 208: Potential Future WorkAmong the many
Page 209 and 210: On the South Australia Environment,
Page 211 and 212: G - APPENDICES:i. Document Question
Page 213 and 214: Practicing PrecautionTo which case
Page 215 and 216: 10) The following is a list of "pre
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15) There are many different source
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• Decisions are treated as scient
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Revised February 25, 2005PRACTICING
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II.1. Does the legislation constitu
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III.2.a Does the legislation contai
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III.8.i “endangered”III.8.j “
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III.13.a Uncertainty about effects
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IV.5.g Monitoring is conducted by t
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V.7.Do decision-makers have access
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iii. WORKSHOP SUMMARY“Precaution,
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science, to Type I and Type II erro
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iv. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTSMARCH 8 th
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NATHALIE DES ROSIERS613-562-5902nat
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Mike WilsonDirector, Strategic Issu
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