PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT ...

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scales of response, it is reasonable to center (mean 0) and scale (standard deviation 1) the dataseparately for each document type across cases prior to further analysis. Unfortunately, onlydocument types 5 (Decision on application) and 9 (Directive) contain documents in more thanone case study. Only these two classes of documents were retained for further examination.PERCENT60measuring the precautionary principle504030201008 1216202428323640444852 81216202428323640444852 81216202428323640444852 pp MIDPOINT1pest 2fish 3gmocaseprior to correcting by document typemeasuring the precautionary principlePERCENT3020100-1.6-0.80.00.81.62.43.24.0 -1.6-0.80.00.81.62.43.24.0 -1.6-0.80.00.81.62.43.24.0 pp MIDPOINT1pest 2fish 3gmocaseafter correcting by document typeFigure 15. Histograms for the measure “pp” of practicing precaution, before and aftercorrecting for document type. This adjustment had greatest effect on the “pp” measure;the “am” measure showed a lesser effect, and the “un” measure none at all.André Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-22Exploratory Data Analysis of Document Database
II.C. GoalsThe goal of this examination is to ascertain if the overall assessment of each case study issupported by each team’s assessment of the documents associated with that study. In Figures 4,5 and 6 the response to the institutional questionnaire was represented for each case study, andwe can summarize the response of each case study by three values, the value at the extreme rightend of the corresponding graph. This is summarized in Table 6, below.Table 6: Measures from Iinstitutional Questionnaire.casePart2ScientificuncertaintyPart3PrecautionaryprinciplePart4AdaptiveManagementPest -17.75 -6.25 -27.75Fish 6.25 -17.25 30.25GMO -4.75 -73.25 -52.75Forestry 16.25 96.75 50.25To examine the degree of positive correlation between the document assessments (un, pp andam) and the case study (institutional questionnaire) assessments (part2, part3, part4), we can plotthe document assessment against the corresponding case study assessment (. If the documentassessments support the case study assessments, we should observe a positive linear dependencein the graph.un6measuring uncertainty543210-1-20 -10 0 10part2Figure 16: A plot of the document assessment of scientific uncertainty (“un”) against thecase study assessment of uncertainty (part2). We observe a few high outliers for the firsttwo cases (Pesticides and GMO)., and a weak linear trend among the three main groups ofpoints (Pesticides, GMO, Fishery). This generally agrees with the weak separation of casestudies observed in Figure 4 among pesticide, GMO and Fisheries case studies.André Dabrowski – Commentary and Analysis of Research Questionnaires E-23Exploratory Data Analysis of Document Database
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PRACTICING PRECAUTION and ADAPTIVE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPracticing Precauti
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A- EXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONWit
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This study must be considered as an
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The regulatory scheme does not expl
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increased the TAC. However, for cod
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B - INTRODUCTION: UNCERTAINTY, PREC
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mechanisms of participation, such a
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Some causes of uncertainty are more
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The distinction between principle a
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estimates serve as a notional bench
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1 As Jonathan Wiener emphasizes, re
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C- RESEARCH METHODOLOGYEVALUATING I
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questionnaire: for each concept, th
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D-2
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Nathalie Chalifour & Yves Prévost
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III.B.4. Principe 4.4 Il devrait y
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Le Canada a aussi des obligations e
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En septembre 2001, le gouvernement
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données de l’ACIA. Le Service ca
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II.B. Les NIMP 2 et les ARP’s de
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L’AF se qualifie comme OQ, car l
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II.C. Les règlements additionnels
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II.C.1e. Règlement sur l’indemni
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II.C.2d. Règlement sur l’indemni
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défi est donc de savoir quand s’
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III.B.3. Principe 4.3 L’applicati
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arrivent aux ports canadiens tous l
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VI. ANNEXE I. ABRÉVIATIONSACIAAgen
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29 Kai N. Lee, « Appraising Adapti
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D-34
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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Jennifer A. Chandler - The Regulati
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As a result, a new plant is exempt
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decision-maker “shall” refuse t
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the intermediate situation, proof o
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data and relevant scientific inform
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The PBO has already anticipated the
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As noted earlier, the environmental
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Biosafety Office (PBO). The plants
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In the judgment of the Expert Panel
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espect to the test data submitted a
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40 These are (1) the potential of t
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93 Ibid.94 Directive 94-08, supra n
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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C. Scott Findlay & Annik Déziel -
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III. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PESTICIDE R
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into account its conditions or prop
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manner representative of the route,
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Precisely how the various uncertain
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In the past, special reviews have b
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VIII.C. Is PMRA practicing precauti
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From these considerations, the mini
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effects of decisions are systematic
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eported. Note furthermore that this
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Pest Management Regulatory Agency (
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Dan E. Lane - Setting TACs in the 4
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LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Stock Status
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Environment). As it expanded, Canad
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3) FRCC prepare TAC recommendations
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4) The Minister’s Final DecisionB
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7) Outlook - highlights of the abun
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ultimate authority for all access a
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II. CASE STUDYII.A. Setting TACs in
Page 129 and 130: Scotian Shelf. Approximately 50% of
Page 131 and 132: The prognoses of the stocks for 200
Page 133 and 134: F0.1, used as the benchmark rate, m
Page 135 and 136: Sources ofUncertaintyAge Structure:
Page 137 and 138: Sources ofUncertaintyPrincipal sour
Page 139 and 140: OutlookIndicators of Abundance:Indi
Page 141 and 142: ManagementConsiderationsEcosystemCo
Page 143 and 144: constructed on the basis of the wei
Page 145 and 146: expected growth in the stock, and t
Page 147 and 148: IV. RECOMMENDATIONSIV.A. Case study
Page 149 and 150: V. REFERENCESCanada 2005. A Framewo
Page 151 and 152: Hutchings, J.A. 1996. Spatial and t
Page 153 and 154: VI. APPENDIX AStock Status Report D
Page 155 and 156: VII. Appendix B2002 and 2003 Docume
Page 157 and 158: Sources of UncertaintyOutlookSPA -
Page 159 and 160: E- COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEA
Page 161 and 162: COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Page 163 and 164: TABLE OF CONTENTSI. PRACTICING PREC
Page 165 and 166: I. PRACTICING PRECAUTION - EXPLORAT
Page 167 and 168: Table 3: Questions with missing dat
Page 169 and 170: Figure 1. The raw data from the que
Page 171 and 172: Figure 4. S(n) versus n for Part II
Page 173 and 174: I.F.2. Approach #2 (dimension reduc
Page 175 and 176: Data reduction to 2 variablesII_220
Page 177 and 178: I_1210-1-21pest 2fish 3gmo 4frstcas
Page 179: II. PRACTICING PRECAUTION EXPLORATO
Page 183 and 184: Figures 16, 17, and 18 do not contr
Page 185 and 186: Conclusions & Summary F-2
Page 187 and 188: Conclusions & Summary F-4
Page 189 and 190: one government department to anothe
Page 191 and 192: involves the scrutiny of procedural
Page 193 and 194: can assess the risks inherent in a
Page 195 and 196: entrenched in the treaties and legi
Page 197 and 198: III. REFORM POSSIBILITIESFactoring
Page 199 and 200: ased decision-making. Finally, thes
Page 201 and 202: The answers will depend on context,
Page 203 and 204: ased on the administrative principl
Page 205 and 206: decisions must maintain the adminis
Page 207 and 208: Potential Future WorkAmong the many
Page 209 and 210: On the South Australia Environment,
Page 211 and 212: G - APPENDICES:i. Document Question
Page 213 and 214: Practicing PrecautionTo which case
Page 215 and 216: 10) The following is a list of "pre
Page 217 and 218: 15) There are many different source
Page 219 and 220: • Decisions are treated as scient
Page 221 and 222: Revised February 25, 2005PRACTICING
Page 223 and 224: II.1. Does the legislation constitu
Page 225 and 226: III.2.a Does the legislation contai
Page 227 and 228: III.8.i “endangered”III.8.j “
Page 229 and 230: III.13.a Uncertainty about effects
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IV.5.g Monitoring is conducted by t
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V.7.Do decision-makers have access
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iii. WORKSHOP SUMMARY“Precaution,
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science, to Type I and Type II erro
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iv. WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTSMARCH 8 th
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NATHALIE DES ROSIERS613-562-5902nat
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Mike WilsonDirector, Strategic Issu
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