VOLUME 1 HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND ... - CSIR

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GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGNBus route• good lighting and an environment which isperceived to be safe, because it is overlooked byhuman activity;• sidewalks, seating and shelters; and• pleasant views and other attractions, includinglandscaping and plantings.The convenient location of bus stops is significant,and they should be placed relative to buildingentrances. This aspect is as important to publictransport customers as convenient parking is to carusers.Modal choice and relative cost efficienciesfor infrastructure and operationsBus routeCollector roadLocal roadArterial roadAlthough this subject is beyond the scope ofsettlement planners, they should be aware thatlayout of the movement network and the spatialarrangement of land uses can impact bothpositively and negatively on public transport.Where modal choice is a consideration, painsshould be taken to avoid duplication of publictransport infrastructure such as stops andterminals.The relationship between public transportand commercial sitesCommercial sites in settlements which aresupportive of public transport usually face thestreet and provide easy access for customersapproaching by foot rather than by car.Bus routeBusstopPedestrianpathFigure 5.2.13: Road layouts reflecting evolvingplanning practiceSource: BC Transit (1995)Design features which encourage pedestrian flowinclude continuous sidewalks, trees and benches,and street furniture that provides a buffer betweencirculating traffic and the sidewalk. Figure 5.2.14shows the ideal relationship between a commercialactivity site and public transport.Bus stopsThe information that follows applies to both busesand minibuses. The location of bus stops must beplanned as part of the movement network at theoutset, to achieve the best arrangement. Thespacing of bus stops needs to be a compromisebetween the achievement of as high an operatingspeed for buses as possible and the placement ofstops within an acceptable walking distance oftraffic generators, attractors and transfer points.Bus-stop spacing depends on the density ofroadside development. Where development is notintense, such as in residential suburbs, stops shouldbe around 800 m apart. In nodal activity centreswhere there is a high concentration of trip ends,stops should be closer together, with an averageseparation of around 300 m. If there is more than20Chapter 5.2Public transport
GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING AND DESIGNPPActivitysiteParkingin rearActivitysitePedestrians prefer short distances fromeither automobiles or transit; and transit tripsare shorter when there is no route diversionTransitrouteFigure 5.2.14: Relationship between bus stops and a commercial siteSource: BC Transit (1995)one bus service along a road, transfer is facilitatedif all the services use the same stop, providingcongestion is avoided.Bus stops close to railway stations should bearranged to provide the minimum walking distancefor transferring passengers. At business centresstops should be sited so that buses depositpassengers at the main frontage of the centres.For reasons of road safety, bus stops on oppositesides of a single two-way carriageway should bestaggered by a least 45 m, so that buses stop tailto-tail.This dimension may be reduced where laybysare provided.CONCLUSIONIf settlement planners are to succeed in providing anenvironment which is conductive to the use of publictransport, the greatest attention to detail should beprovided in respect of the development itself and itsrelationship with surrounding areas. The greatestattention should be provided for pedestrian amenity.Site design features that make public transport moreattractive are required but, given the pressures on theroad system, it is time to de-emphasise land-use designfor the convenience of car users, and refocus towardspedestrian movement and public transport. Publictransport-friendly designs can be achieved withoutdetrimental results for car users.For the convenience of passengers, stops nearintersections or junctions should be located as closeas possible to the junction consistent with safety.Generally, bus stops should be located at the farside of the junction to minimise interference withleft-turning traffic and to maintain traffic-signalefficiency. If public transport is to be promoted,facilities should be provided at bus stops. Theseinclude shelters. In siting shelters, care must betaken to maintain adequate sight distance fordrivers emerging from side roads. Recommendedminimum distances are as follows:SPEED LIMIT (km/h)MINIMUM DISTANCEAFTER LEFT TURN (m)50 2365 3180 38Public transport Chapter 5.221
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IndexVolume 1Volume 2Chapter 1Chapt
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Chapter 2A framework forsettlement-
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Chapter 5.7Public utilities5.7
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Chapter 5.8.2Ecologically sound urb
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