Lebanon Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment - UNEP

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LEBANONPOST-CONFLICT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTMap 2.Lebanon – Country map36°ENahr El KebirS e aPalm IslandsNature ReserveWadi AwikWadi AwikHalbat e rM e d ir a n ea nBatrounAmiounWadi BarsaJbeilRuins of ByblosTripoliZghartaEl MinieHorsh EhdenNature ReserveNORTHLEBANONSir Ed DanniyeOuadi Qadisha andthe Forest of the Cedarsof GodBcharreHermelNahr El AssiNahr ElAssiBAALBEK HERMEL34°NWadi TabarjaJouniePhoenician cityof Baalbek.Baalbek34°NBEIRUTBeirutWadi GhadirJdaideBaabdaMOUNTLEBANONAleyZahlehSaidaBeit ed DineAlchouf Cedars Nature ReserveBEQAAJoub JanineSaghbineJezzineRachaiyaOld city of AnjarDamascusArcheological siteof TyreMarjayounNabatiyehNaher El HasbaniHasbeyaNABATIYEHSYRIATyre BeachReserve33°NWadi Merj HineTyre (Sour)SOUTHLEBANONBint JbeilISRAELKilometres0 10 20 30 40 50Lambert Levant Conformal Conic ProjectionGolanHeightsUNDOFThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.36°ECitiesTransportationRailroadPortAirportHydrographyNational capitalMohafaza centreCaza centrePrimary roadLakes and reservoirsRiversBoundariesMohafaza limitInternational boundaryArmistice lineDisengagement LineGolan Heights(United Nations DisengagementUNDOF Observer Force).Natural and cultural SitesUNESCO World Heritage SiteProtected areasSources: Admin (GIST) ; Roads (VMAP); Mohafaza, Caza, Rivers,Cities, Railroads, Airport, Port, Land-Use (SDATL: Schéma Directeurde l'Aménagement du Territoire Libanais) ; Golan Heights,UNDOF, Armistice Line, Disengagement Line : Vmap0.33°N16 • United Nations Environment Programme • United Nations Environment Programme • United Nations Environment Programme •
COUNTRY CONTEXTUNEP and local experts inspect a damaged glass factory in ZahlehLebanon’s total area is approximately 10,452 km².The physical geography of Lebanon is influencedby natural systems that extend outside the country.Thus, the Beqaa Valley is part of the Great Riftsystem, which stretches from southern Turkey toMozambique. Because of its mountainous terrain,Lebanon’s physical geography is complex andvaried. Land forms, climate, soil, and vegetationchange markedly within short distances.Lebanon can be divided into four distinctphysiographic regions 1 :1. The coastal plain, which runs along theMediterranean shore, is a narrow and discontinuousstrip formed of river-deposited alluvium andmarine sediments which alternate with rockybeaches and sandy bays. Hemmed in betweensea and mountain, the sahil is widest near Tripoli,where it is 6.5 km wide. The shoreline is regular,with no deep estuary, gulf, or natural harbor.Generally quite fertile, the maritime plain isespecially productive of fruits and vegetables.2. The Lebanon Mountains form the country’ssecond geographic region. They are the highestand most rugged of the whole maritime rangeof mountains and plateaus that start with theAmanus or Nur Mountains in northern Syria andend with the Sinai. The mountain range, which isapproximately 169 km long, is a clearly definedunit with natural boundaries on all four sides:in the north it is separated from the NusayriyahMountains of Syria by the An Nahr al Kabir River;to the south it is bounded by the Al QasmiyahRiver. Its width varies from about 56.5 km nearTripoli to 9.5 km on the southern end. It risesto alpine heights southeast of Tripoli, where AlQurnat as Sawda reaches 3 088 m. At the southernend, the Lebanon Mountains give way to the hillsof Galilee, which are lower. Although the limestonecomposition of the mountains provides relativelypoor topsoil, the lower and middle slopes areintensely cultivated.3. The Beqaa Valley – a central highland separatingthe Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon mountainranges – is about 177 km in length and 9.6 to16 km wide, with an average elevation of 762 m.Geologically, the Beqaa is the medial part of adepression that extends north to the western bendof the Orontes River in Syria and south to Jordanthrough Al Arabah to Al Aqabah, the eastern armof the Red Sea. The Beqaa, whose soil is fertile dueto alluvial deposits from mountains on either side,is the country’s chief agricultural area.• United Nations Environment Programme • United Nations Environment Programme • United Nations Environment Programme •17
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Solid and HazardousWasteA fleet of
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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTEMap 7.Samp
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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTEvectors, i
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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTEThe Khiam
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Coastal and MarineEnvironmentVolunt
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Wadi Abu ZebleCOASTAL AND MARINE EN
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COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTMap 1
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COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTTable
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COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTMarin
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COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTUNEP
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Main Findings andRecommendationsBad
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