a growing experience - Student Services - University of Melbourne

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HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSThe relative numbers of students classified as belonging to each of the clusters is ofinterest. Cluster 1, the positive, connected mode of adaptation, contains the majorityof students: 576 or 58.8 per cent of students are deemed to be adapting to universitylife in Melbourne in this way. There is, nevertheless, a strong presence of theunconnected, stressed style among the respondents. Some 337 students or 34.4 percent of the respondents have been classified as belonging to cluster 2. Fortunately,few students have been placed in cluster 3; only 66 students (or 6.7 per cent of thesample) have been categorised as showing a distressed and risk-taking mode ofadaptation to university life in Melbourne.A representation of the three clusters, based on the 21 variables used in the analysis,can be seen in Figure 2.It is of interest to see whether there is an association between students’ style ofadaptation and a range of demographic variables such as age, gender, faculty and soon. Most demographic variables do not show a significant association with the styleof adaptation; this includes age, marital status, faculty, number of years enrolled,completion of Foundation Studies, number of years of secondary schooling inAustralia, presence of one’s child in Australia, and speaking some English whengrowing up.Mean Z Score3.002.001.000.00-1.00ConnectednessCultural StressAbuse & DistressDepressionAnxietyStressPerc. Drug UsePerc.Alcohol UsePerc Gamb/SmokeFinances OKWorry financeSocial balanceStudy balanceToo much uniworkPerc. academicprogressCondom useNo. sexualpartnersGambling hereSelf-harm totalExclusionGeneral healthPositive and Connected Unconnected and Stressed Distressed and Risk-takingClusterFigure 2Means of variables used to define mode of adaptation of three clusters:1. Positive and connected; 2. Unconnected and stressed 3. Distressedand risk-taking.Russell, Rosenthal & Thomson, 2006 109
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSFour demographic variables are significantly associated with this typology.• Males and females are represented in cluster 1 in proportion to their presence inthe sample. However, there is a higher representation than expected of females incluster 2 and a higher representation of males than expected in cluster 3 356 .• More postgraduate students than expected are classified as adapting in a positiveand connected way (cluster 1), while fewer than expected are classified intoclusters 2 or 3. The reverse is true for undergraduate students; there are fewerundergraduate students than expected in cluster 1 and more than expected inclusters 2 and 3 357 .• Those who speak a LOTE off campus are over-represented in the group having anunconnected and stressed style of adaptation and under-represented in clusters 1and 3. The reverse is true of students who do not speak a LOTE off campus 358 .• The fourth demographic variable that is significantly associated with theclassification of modes of adaptation is country category 359 . Four countrycategories show cluster membership numbers that are different from the expected:Hong Kong, Indonesia, UK/USA/Canada, and Europe. Dummy variables wereconstructed for each of these country groupings which were then tested.o Hong Kong students are under-represented in cluster 1 and over-represented inclusters 2 and 3 360 .o There are more Indonesian students in cluster 1 than expected and fewer thanexpected in clusters 2 and 3 361 .o Students from UK/USA/Canada are under-represented in cluster 1 and overrepresentedin cluster 3 362 .o There are more European students than expected in cluster 1, fewer thanexpected in cluster 2, and a tendency to be over-represented in cluster 3 363 .These four variables are not independent. Hong Kong students are almost all enrolledin undergraduate courses and speak a language other than English off the campus.Most Indonesian students also speak a language other than English off campus; ahigher percentage than average are male students. A higher proportion than averageof UK/US/Canadian and European students are female and are enrolled in postgraduatecourses.These demographic variables were entered into a multinomial logistic regression inorder to find the model that best predicts the classification of students into the threeclusters. The best model consists of three significant predictors: gender (p
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