a growing experience - Student Services - University of Melbourne

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HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSremaining two scales. In each case, although these are not the sole predictors, most ofthe variance is accounted for by the two scales from this group of three 316 . The threescales inter-correlate strongly, positively and significantly, as can be seen in Table 70,suggesting that they form a cluster of health-related behaviours that would beworthwhile examining closely.Self-harmStudents’ involvement in self-harm while studying in Australia was explored throughtheir answers to three questions: had they deliberately hurt themselves, or donesomething because it might harm/kill them, or thought about taking their own life?The results show that a small number of students have engaged in self-harm activity,as Table 71 indicates. It is clear from Table 71 that female students aredisproportionately represented among the students who engage in self-harm.Table 71Incidence of self-harmSelf-harm behaviourTypes of self-harmDeliberately hurt self(n=972)Yes (Gender) No (Gender)FrequencyPercentageDid something to thatcould harm/kill self(n=973)FrequencyPercentageThought about taking ownlife (n=970)FrequencyPercentage35 (7M, 28F)3.6 (20.0, 80.0)23 (3M, 20F)2.4 (13.0, 87.0)95 (23M, 70F)9.8 (24.7, 75.3)937 (339M, 592F)96.4 (36.4, 63.6)950 (343M, 601F)97.6 (36.3, 63.7)875 (322M, 549F)90.2 (37.0, 63.0)Students who have engaged in any of the three forms of self-harm have significantlyhigher mean scores on most of the scales that have been discussed to date. Table 72sets out these results. Self-harming students, compared with others, have greaterexperience of abuse, experience higher levels of cultural stress, less connectedness,greater depression, anxiety and stress, and are more involved in health-relatedbehaviours that are a threat to their well-being. Most of these differences arestatistically significant. These results suggest that this is another group of studentswho need to be studied more closely.316 There is some evidence of multicollinearity in these regression models, but not sufficient toundermine their value.Russell, Rosenthal & Thomson, 2006 93
HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTSAn aggregated score of the three forms of self-harm was calculated for each student.This provided evidence that some students engaged in multiple forms of self-harm: 13students gained a score of 3 and 15 gained a score of 2. Almost all of these studentsare female, single, from Asian countries and perceive their academic progress to beeither worse than expected or about the same as expected.Table 72Comparison of students who have and have not engaged in self-harmForms of self-harmScalesConnectednessscaleDeliberately hurtself(n=968)Did something tothat could harm/killself (n=969)Thought abouttaking own life(n=966)Yes: No: Yes: No: Yes: No:Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean1.90 2.02 1.84 2.02 1.70 2.05***CulturalscaleStress1.47 1.17** 1.41 1.17* 1.43 1.15***Depression scale 1.08 .60** 1.32 .60** 1.25 .55***Anxiety scale .88 .53** 1.18 .53** .94 .50***Stress scale 1.33 .82*** 1.54 .82** 1.39 .77***Abuse and DistressscalePerceptions ofDrug Use scalePerceptions ofAlcohol Use scale2.60 1.30** 2.78 1.30** 2.53 1.23***.12 .07 .35 .06 .16 .06*.96 .57*** 1.23 .57** .86 .56**Perceptions of .35 .10* .50 .10** .18 .10Gambling/SmokingscaleThe difference in scale score between those who do and do not harm themselves is significant at the*.05 level, **.01 level, ***.001 level.When the results of all students are taken into account, female students have asignificantly higher aggregated score than male students 317 , as do students whoseperceived academic progress is worse than expected 318 . There is also a main effectfor course type on the total self-harm score, with undergraduate students having thehighest average score 319 .Significant demographic and scale variables were entered into a multiple linearregression analysis. The model that was achieved (F(2,154)=47.33, p
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