Neurology Edited by Professor Emeritus Desire' Dubounet, IMUNE

Brain syndromes· Angular gyrus syndrome (Gerstmann syndrome): finger agnosia, acalculia, right-leftdisorientation, agraphia and alexia (tumour, infarction, trauma)· Athetosis: sluggish writhing hyperkinesia of distal parts of limbs, variable muscle (one(infarction, haemorrhage, anoxia)· Balint's syndrome (mind blindness): disordered visual perception from damage toassociation fibres between Cortical visual centres (tumour, infarction)· Ballismus: see Hemiballismus· Bulbar syndrome: coma, dilated and unreactive pupils, apnoea, circulatoryanomalies, muscles flaccid (trauma, tumour, infarction)· Cerebellar hemisphere syndrome: ipsilateral limb ataxia, dysdiadochokinesis,hypotonia, gaze nystagmus (tumour, infarction, haemorrhage)· Cerebellar vermis syndrome: trunk and gait ataxia, muscle hypotonia, saccadic gazepursuit, dysarthria (tumour, atrophies)· Cerebellopontine angle syndrome: deafness, tinnitus (with acoustic neuroma), VIIand V nerve deficits. ipsylateral cerebellar and contralateral pyramidal signs (meningioma,detmoid)· Choreic syndromes: involuntary rapid random jerks of facial and of groups of limbmuscles (cessation during sleep), hypotonicity of muscles, persistent knee extension ontapping knee jerk (ischaemia, inflammation, degenerative, toxic)· Clivus syndrome: ipsilateral oculomotor pressure palsy (including pupil) (tumour,haemorrhage)· Corpus callosum syndromes: (a) Rostra]: apraxic left hand, contralateral grasp reflex(b) Central: dysgtaphia left hand (c) Splenium: alexia, homonymous hemianopia (glioma,corpus callosum degeneration)· Decerebrate syndrome: coma, synergism of flexor and extensor muscles, autonomicdisorders, oculomotor and pupillary unreactivity (trauma. tumour)· Disconnection syndromes: neuropsychological disorders (often agnosic) from lesionsof interhemispheric association tracts. e.g. lesion of splenium plus left occipital lobe (leftposterior cerebral infarct): right homonymous hemianopia, alexia and achromatopsia; or,lesion of association tracts from left to right motor cortex and left arcuate tract: right-sidedideomotor apraxia with sympathetic left hand dyspraxia (Liepmann)· Dystonic syndrome: variable hypertonicity and contraction of muscle groups lastingseconds, rotatory movements of neck and trunk (ischaemia, toxic, degenerative)