Neurology Edited by Professor Emeritus Desire' Dubounet, IMUNE

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Pituitary hormones: anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)The four messenger and the two direct acting hormones of the anteriorThe anterior lobe is site of formation and storage of 6 hormones: 4 messenger hormonesthat act on other endocrine glands:ACTH (→ adrenals: Cushing's syndrome, ↓ Addison's disease)TSH (→ thyroid: hyper-, hypothyroidism)FSH (→ gonads)LH (→ gonads)The two direct acting hormones act on other systems or whole organism:GH (→ all cells of body, gantism or acromegaly)Prolactin (→ many cells: galactorrhoea, secondary amenorrhoea;impotence,gynaecomastia)Control of release of all anterior lobe hormones is exclusively humoral via 6hypothalamic neurohormones (table below)ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone (corticotrophin); TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone(thyrotrophin);-FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinising hormone (both FSH andLH are gonadotrophins); GH: growth hormone, also STH: somatotropic hormone(somatotropin)
Hypothalamic regulatory hormonesHypothalamic releasing hormones (RH) and inhibiting hormones (IH) regulate therelease of six anterior pituitary hormonesAbbreviation Name Target hormoneReleasing hormone CRH Corticotrophin releasing hormone ACTHTRH Thyrotrophin releasing hormone TSHLHRHLuteinizing hormone releasing hormone FSH, LHGHRH Growth hormone releasing hormone GHPRH Prolactin releasing hormone ProlactinInhibiting hormone GHIH Growth hormone IH (somatostatin, SS) GHPIH Prolactin inhibiting hormone ProlactinMotor disorders of the central nervous system Basal ganglia: functionsAfferents and efferents of basal gangliaThe major afferent excitatory inflow comes to the corpus striatum from the whole cortex(neurotransmitter: glutamate); an inhibitory pathway continues thence to the substantia nigraand pallidum (neurotransmitter: GABA). Efferents in part directly to brain stem, in part tothalamic motor nuclei (inhibitory: GABA), and from there to motor cortex; powerful feedbackloop between substantia nigra and striatum (dopaminergic Parkinsonism).Role of basal ganglia in motor functionsMainly participation in conversion of motor planning into movement pattern programming,i.e. definition of a temporospatial sequence of impulses which govern the executive motorcentres; this includes definition of the parameters of movement such as strength, direction,speed and amplitude of movement.Concomitant but separate functional loops (cortico-subcortical, trans-striatal, e.g.putamen, caudate) cooperate with afferents and efferents of the basal ganglia. Ibis appliesalso to the performance of motor components.LoopPerformance task - commentSkeleto-motorPreparation for movement and control of parameters of movement such asdirection, amplitude, speed, strength. Organized somato-topically,with emphasis on mouth and face motilityOculomotorComplex'associative'Control of eye movements, e.g. time control of saccades; corticalafferents from frontal eye field (area 8, additionally also area 7)Three loops are known at present: 1. dorsolateral - prefrontal,2. orbito - frontal, 3. anterior - cingulate. Functions so farundetermined, probably participation in programming motorstrategies for motivational and cognition-determined performances
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NeurologyEdited by Professor Emerit
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That I only found when studying Wil
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fig. 2: origins and distribution of
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Vasodilatation - ØIntestineslongit
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those two modes, its contact with t
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epressive sexual education/impaired
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"The vegetative“ (autonomic) "ner
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4.1. TechniqueOver the years, lots
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medication which either only battle
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the ANS' level, stress means sympat
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In therapy, we work from the tensio
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Naturally, besides the intensive tr
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neck furthermore intercepts the flo
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Robert A. Dew puts asthma down to t
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Looking at the vernacular gives the
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5.5. Peptic Ulcer5.5.1. Pulsation o
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appears "openly dependent" or, if c
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During the resolution of the blocks
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Heike S. Buhl M.D., born 1955. Trai
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TitleDiagnosing and Treating Injure
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ody electrolyte strength will gener
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As presented, the peak of the first
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This situation has an important imp
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fibers. Sequential action potential
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and active tissue under electrode B
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Action potentials of injured cardia
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a nearby electrode and a distant re
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The distances between the poles of
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ecorded simultaneously the membrane
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When there are conditions of hypoad
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Trauma and injuries are a natural a
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BOOKS1. An Advanced Treatise in Qua
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One of the easiest ways to learn ab
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HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT OF PAINAbstra
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DESCRIPTION: PAIN - HEAT IMPROVESNU
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BEFOREAFTER4321OOOOOOOOXXXXXXXX0Avg
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tissues to bring about a lowering i
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CAUSES OF HEADACHE PAIN (Vindicate)
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ARTICLES AND STUDIES1. A Practical
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impairment or "disability" evaluati
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criteria:The third step is the comp
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5. Estimate of the expected date of
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ImpairmentThe Extremities, Spine, a
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3. Explanation for concluding that
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3.1b Principles and Methods of Impa
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The range of motion should be recor
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IA is a function of V when Vext = V
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Interphalangeal Joint-Flexion and E
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Example: Thumb metacarpophalangeal
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Note: Because the relative value of
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Determine the length of the finger
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position (0 cm) to: Lost Retained o
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If the metacarpophalangeal joint is
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40 of ring finger 450 of little fin
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Joint-Radial and Ulnar DeviationMea
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Flexion IA%=21%Lateral deviation IA
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extremity.Flexion and ExtensionMeas
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the upper extremity, and 15% impair
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Add the impairment values for flexi
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Internal and External RotationMeasu
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shoulder motions (flexion/ extensio
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The peripheral spinal nerves consti
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obtained history, a thorough medica
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Example: In an injury, a patient su
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associated with those particular ne
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Ulnar or Radial Deviation%Digit Imp
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Joint Instability% Joint Impairment
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Example: Implant resection arthropl
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Intrinsic tightness in the hand may
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Extensor TendonSubluxation Severity
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With the patient plantar-flexing th
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0° 30° 0° 4510° 20° 10° 3020
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Center the goniometer over the meta
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Example: If 50% of the distal phala
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of the toe being tested (Figure 61c
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Center the goniometer over the late
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Inversion and Eversion (Subtalar Jo
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10° active dorsi-flexion 410° act
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Place the goniometer base as if mea
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Add the impairment values contribut
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Place the goniometer base as if mea
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Hip Joint-Two or More Ranges of Mot
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3.2f Impairment of the Lower Extrem
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In evaluating pain that is associat
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After the individual values for los
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value for loss of function = 15%) 1
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Principles for Calculating Impairme
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motion or ankylosis.B. Repeat the a
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is the greatest angle measured.5. C
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Example: Occipital flexion measurem
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possible, again recording both incl
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Cervical Region-RotationBecause the
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minimum kyphosis is actually a meas
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2. With the subject in either the s
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1. The subject may be seated or sta
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3.3) Ask the subject to rotate the
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3.3e Impairments Due to Range of Mo
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(for automated devices capable of c
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Example: T12 flexion measurements o
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3. Record the "0" readings first at
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3.4 The PelvisThe following shows i
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Addendum to Chapter 3A. Introductio
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1. If applicable, use Table 49 (p.
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B. Repeat the above steps for secon
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2. Consult the Ankylosis Section of
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impairment of the whole person.Exam
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Ankylosis1. Place the goniometer ba
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6. Add the impairment values contri
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FINAL IMPAIRMENT RATING FOR WHOLE M
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Combined value of spinal impairment
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Page 224 and 225: SPHENOBASILAR/CRANIAL BASE TORSIONT
Page 226 and 227: IMPAIRMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMThe
Page 228 and 229: upper extremities, controlling blad
Page 230 and 231: 2. Neurological disorder results in
Page 232 and 233: 4) Neurological: Grades = 5=normal
Page 234 and 235: 4) Neurological:Sensation: (right/l
Page 236 and 237: technique on the part of the physic
Page 238 and 239: Direct TechniqueWith the patient co
Page 240 and 241: CONTRAINDICATIONSThe only contraind
Page 242 and 243: In order to determine the presence
Page 244 and 245: IX Glosso- pharyngealPharynx muscle
Page 246 and 247: ReflexesMuscle stretch reflexes, cu
Page 248 and 249: Abdominal skin reflex (exteroceptiv
Page 250 and 251: Sensory symptomsPersistant or episo
Page 252 and 253: Pyramidal tract signsEponym Manoeuv
Page 254 and 255: doubts of survival7. Psychotic symp
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Page 258: For cranial nerve stimulation the c
Page 261 and 262: Demonstration of specific antibodie
Page 263 and 264: 4.6.2 Explosive type4.6.3 Postural
Page 265 and 266: 8.4.2 Caffeine withdrawal headache8
Page 267 and 268: Headache: differential diagnosisDes
Page 269 and 270: Diagnostic criteria of drug-induced
Page 271: convexity), glioblastoma, oligodend
Page 275 and 276: 0 = normal1 = stride down to 30-45
Page 277 and 278: Parkinsonism: causesAetiology or Pa
Page 279 and 280: Paradoxical hyperkinesiaSudden good
Page 281 and 282: Meige syndrome(bilateral facial spa
Page 283 and 284: ThalamotomyScale for quantification
Page 285 and 286: Eating10 = independent (with aids)5
Page 287 and 288: InfectionsMeningitisOtitis media, m
Page 289 and 290: OculomotorDependent on surgery, var
Page 291 and 292: AreflexiaSlowed nerve conduction ve
Page 293 and 294: Causes of lumbosacral root disorder
Page 295 and 296: Compartment syndromescompartmentsAu
Page 297: Lateral root of median nerve (C5-C7
Page 300 and 301: Palsy without pronator, teres invol
Page 302 and 303: Baker's cyst (in rheumatoid arthrit
Page 304 and 305: Gluteal nerve lesionsIntramuscular
Page 306 and 307: Differential diagnosis of important
Page 308 and 309: 2. C8 root syndromeMotor lossAs for
Page 310 and 311: Congenital and usually inherited my
Page 312 and 313: (iv) Type 7.erythrocytes involved.P
Page 314 and 315: Myopathies (polymyositis, dermatomy
Page 316 and 317: denervated muscles.)Prostigmine may
Page 318 and 319: Polyneuropathy (rarely)Hypothyroidi
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Intrathecal IgG production ≥90Oli
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THE CV-4 TECHNIQUEThe still point a
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NEUROLOGY TESTBlood pressure should
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To find out about the different neu
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support, clergy support, counseling
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HYGIENESelf-care deficit (specify l
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___________________________________
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ObjectiveHard -formed stoolStrainin
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Definition: [ failure of the heat t
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___________________________________
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Work overloadUnrealistic perception
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Inappropriate or poorly communicate
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Decreased skin turgorIncreased puls
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Definition: The client is unable to
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DEFINING CHARACTERISTICSInternal (i
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SUPPORTING DATAETIOLOGYLack of expo
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Satiety immediately after ingesting
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DEFINING CHARACTERISTICSSubjectiveX
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Does not defend self-care practices
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Cognitive perceptualCultural or spi
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SUPPORTING DATAETIOLOGYEnvironmenta
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Mechanical factorsShearing forcesPr
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Changes in postureFrequent yawningN
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DEFINING CHARACTERISTICSObjectiveSk
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Toxic reactions to medicationBatter
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______Self-concept, disturbance in:
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Bed rest or immobilityDEFINING CHAR
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Unmet needs[Physiological factors,
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___________________________________
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___________________________________
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Inability to speak in sentencesDoes
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Decision and actions by family whic
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ETIOLOGYSituational transition and/
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Hypotension [postural]Increased pul
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Central venous pressure changesJugu
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ObjectiveCryingDevelopmental regres
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Abnormal blood profile: altered clo
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Children playing without gates at t
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Reluctance to attempt movement[C/o
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SubjectiveReported or observed dysf
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diagnosis that adjustment to parent
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Acute Phase:Emotional reactions: an
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SubjectiveVerbalization of:Change i
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SUPPORTING DATAETIOLOGYEnvironmenta
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ETIOLOGYExternal (environmental) fa
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Interrupted sleep[Falls asleep duri
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Alteration in behavior or mood evid
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DEFINING CHARACTERISTICSSubjectiveF
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6) ORTHOPAEDIC TEST/SIGNS:Noted in
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Hibbs (positive) (negative) for (rt
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PROGNOSIS:MODERATE:The prognosis fo
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RECIPESBETTER BUTTERFor those of yo
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or flakes. Begin with 1/2 teaspoon
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in waterfor an elegant main course.
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This recipe also makes an excellent
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adding the celery and carrot near t
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stuffed caps in lightly greased bak
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TOFU SURPRISES2 tablespoons cold-pr
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By following these guidelines, you
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The technique of somatoemtional rec
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SPINAL IMPAIRMENT RATINGWhole Man1.
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59. Do you have a loss of interest
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The technique used to mobilize the
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The technique for evaluation and tr
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