Neurology Edited by Professor Emeritus Desire' Dubounet, IMUNE

Definition: [A sensation of discomfort, distress, or suffering that is experienced due to disturbance of thesensory nerves. It may vary in intensity from mild to intolerable abony.]SUPPORTING DATAETIOLOGYInjuring agents: Biologic, Chemical, Physical, PsychologicDEFINING CHARACTERISTICSSubjectiveCommunication (verbal or coded) of pain descriptors [expect less from under 40, males, some minority groups]ObjectiveSelf-focusingNarrowed focus (altered time perception, withdrawal from social contact, impaired thought process)Alteration in muscle tone (may span from listless to rigid)Facial mask of pain (eyes lack luster, “beaten look, “ fixed or scattered movement, grimace)Distraction behavior (moaning, crying, pacing, seeking other people and/or activities, restlessness)Autonomic responses not seen chronic, stable pain (diaphoresis, blood pressure and pulse rate change, pupillarydilation, increased or decreased respiratory rate)Guarding behavior: protective[Fear/panic, pain unrelieved and/or increased beyond tolerance]________________________________________________________________________________________________ COMMUNICATION, IMPAIRED VERBAL_____________________________________________________________________ Diagnostic Division: NeurologicDefinition: [Situation exists in which ability to express self verbally is interferred with for physical,psychologic, and/or cultural reasons.]SUPPORTING DATAETIOLOGYDecrease in circulation to brainAnatomic deficit, cleft palateDevelopmental or age-relatedPhysical barrier, brain tumor, tracheosomy, intubtionPsychologic barriers, psychosis, lack of stimuliCultural difference[Drug intake, chemical imbalance]DEFINING CHARACTERISTICSSubjectiveReports difficulty expressing selfObjectiveUnable to speak dominant languageImpaired articulationDisorientationLoose association of ideasFlight of ideasIncessant verbalization