Premenstrual Syndromes : PMS and PMDD - Rutuja :: The site ...

182 INDEX
diagnosis of PMS (Continued)
proposed definition 14–16
research criteria 16–18
unsolved issues 12–14
diagnostic procedures 59
duration of premenstrual period 14
historical aspects 9–10
with prospectively confirmed PMS 41–2
with retrospective survey 40–1
single-item question studies 40
diet, milk 153
diet supplements 113, 144
calcium 145, 145, 153
magnesium 145
vitamins 146
differential diagnosis of PMS 151
disability adjusted life years (DALYs), epidemiology
of PMS 11
diuretics 155
DSM-IV 11–12, 31–4, 34
duration of premenstrual period 14
dysmenorrhea 59
economic cost of PMS 44
endometrial cancer 123
endometrial changes
endometriosis 59
menstrual cycle 66–7
endorphin hypothesis of PMS, opioid peptides 75
epidemiology of PMS 37–47
impact on functioning and QoL 39–44
prevalence studies 37–9, 56
escitalopram, clinical trial 43–4
estradiol 112, 118
in hormone replacement therapy 122
with IUD 156
and ovarian suppression 172–3
patches and implants 122–4
progesterone-induced mood symptoms 118, 172–3
estrogen, metabolites 103
estrogen therapy 87, 103
etiology of PMS
abnormal neurosteroid levels 89
historical aspects 3, 7
sensitivity to gonadal steroids 91
exercise therapy 146
fluoxetine, clinical trials 42
fluvoxamine, clinical trials 44
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 64–5
Frank, RT 2
functional MRI (fMRI) 100–1, 101, 175
functioning and QoL, impact of PMS 39–44
clinical trials 42–4
diagnosis with prospectively confirmed PMS 41–2
diagnosis with retrospective survey 40–1
single-item question studies 40
GABA system 69–72, 75
altered GABAergic function 103–6
and glutamate 103–4
levels with/without MDD 51
and mood symptoms 71–2
physiology 69–71
and progesterone 117–20
active agonist paradox 118
sensitivity in PMS patients 119
and serotonergic transmission 75, 161–2
GABAA receptor 70–1
and allopregnanolone 70, 176
alpha-4 subunit, and anxiety 71
progesterone metabolites 70, 117
generalized anxiety disorder 52
genetics of PMS 162–7, 177
glutamate, and GABA system 103–4, 104
gonadal hormones see ovarian steroids; specific steroids
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 63
2-cell-2-gonadotropin hypothesis 64
agonists, ovarian suppression 113, 155–6, 172
analogues
add-back 125
efficacy 124, 125, 156
goserelin 125
historical aspects of PMS 1–8
definitions 4–5
diagnosis 9–10
possible etiology 3, 7
proposed treatments 4, 5–7
hormone therapies 109–16
danazol 112
estradiol 112, 172–3
evidence-based guidelines 111
gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists 113
hormone ‘replacement’ therapy 88, 173
oral contraceptives 44, 110–11, 121, 153–4
progesterone 112
see also estradiol; progesterone
HPA axis 65, 91–3
dynamic studies of hormone secretion 90–1
stressors 87–8, 175
5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) 163
in mood disorders 72
5-hydroxytryptamine
serotonin precursor 163
see also serotonin
5-hydroxytryptophan 72, 163
11C-labeled 101–2
hypogonadism, leuprolide-induced, and affective symptoms
92, 91
hypothalamic activity, pubertal onset 63
hysterectomy 126–7, 156–7
ICD-10, diagnostic criteria 10–11, 57
implantation 66
kisspeptins, pubertal onset 63
leuprolide 125
and affective symptoms 92, 91, 173