Deep Panuke Project Description - Encana

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2.7.1.1 Air PollutantsThe following describes criteria air pollutants (i.e., regulated by federal guidelines or provincial limits)emitted by the Project, although some may be emitted in minor amounts and may not necessarily resultin the effects described below unless otherwise indicated in Section 8.1.Nitrogen OxidesNitrogen oxides are produced in most combustion processes, and almost entirely made up of nitric oxide(NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). Together, they are often referred to as NO x . NO 2 is an orange toreddish gas that is corrosive and irritating. Most NO 2 in the atmosphere is formed by the oxidation ofNO, which is emitted directly by combustion processes, particularly those at high temperature andpressure, such as diesel engines. NO 2 is the regulated form of NO x . NO is a colourless gas with no directeffects on health or vegetation at ambient levels. The levels of NO and NO 2 , and the ratio of the twogases, together with the presence of hydrocarbons and sunlight are the most important factors in theformation of ground-level ozone and other oxidants. Further oxidation, and combination with water inthe atmosphere, contributes to the production of “acid rain”.Generally NO 2 constitutes 5 to 10% of the initial total emissions of NO x , and the conversion of themajority of NO occurs after emission to the atmosphere. Emissions information on boilers usually refersonly to total NOx, partly because the conversion rate of NO to NO 2 is somewhat site specific. Forinstance, the amount of NO 2 generated by a stationary combustion turbine can be calculated using theNational Emission Guidelines for Stationary Combustion Turbines set by the Canadian Council ofMinisters of the Environment (CCME). This is accomplished by taking into account the turbine’s poweroutput and heat output, which could potentially be recovered. Other methods for the assessment of NO xeffects include the ozone limiting method.For this Project, nitrogen oxides are produced primarily in the generation of power for electrical loadsand compressors. It is estimated that the compression load of 14 to 21 MW and expected electrical loadof 7 MW will be met through the use of combustion turbines.Sulphur DioxideSulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent sulphur odour. It is produced incombustion processes by the oxidation of sulphur in the fuel. SO 2 can, at high enough concentrations,cause damage to vegetation and adverse health effects impacting the respiratory system.This Project incorporates a sulphur management system that removes H 2 S from the gas stream andinjects it into a disposal well. In the event of maintenance requiring downtime, or a malfunction of theDeep Panuke Volume 4 (Environmental Assessment Report)• November 2006 2-50
acid gas injection system, the gas stream will be redirected to the flare which will result in limitedemissions of SO 2 .Total Suspended Particulate MatterTotal suspended particulate matter (TSP) is a measure of the particles in the atmosphere that are toosmall to settle out quickly, but remain suspended for significant periods of time. Generally, this meansparticles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 44 µm. TSP is produced by mechanical processes,such as the abrasion of vehicle tires on unpaved roads, and by combustion processes. Most particulatematter formed by combustion is either mineral ash from the fuel, or hydrocarbons formed by incompletecombustion.This Project will result in construction-related emissions of particulate matter for necessary onshorecomponents of the Project; these emissions will be similar in type and scale to those created by othermedium to large sized construction projects. Offshore, the vessel exhausts will contain some particulatematter; these emissions are no more critical than those of similar vessels in everyday operation.Fine and Respirable Particulate MatterAlthough TSP is an excellent measure of the loading of particulate matter in the air, it does notnecessarily reflect the health risks of the particulate matter. Large aerodynamic particles are trapped bythe upper airways, and do not enter the lungs. Smaller diameter particles make their way to the lungs,and may become lodged there. Over the past few years, greater concern with regard to these fineparticles has led to research resulting in new sampling methods and criteria. In June, 2000, the CCMEadopted in principle Canada Wide Standards for particulate matter. Although these standards are not yetapplicable, they will be relevant in the future. These standards provide for a proposed PM2.5 standard of30 µg/m 3 for particulate
Page 1 and 2: 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONThis section p
Page 3 and 4: Potential Radioactive Components: T
Page 5 and 6: 2.2.2 Subsea Wells and FlowlinesThe
Page 10 and 11: 2.2.3.1 M&NP OptionThe proposed pip
Page 12 and 13: The onshore portion of the pipeline
Page 14 and 15: 2.3 Construction and Installation2.
Page 16 and 17: 2.3.2 Export PipelineA proposed pip
Page 18 and 19: A dedicated subsea umbilical will b
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.2 Construction MethodsCateg
Page 22 and 23: These subsea structures may be fast
Page 24 and 25: For the new production and injectio
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.8Typical Production Well S
Page 28 and 29: 2.3.8.1 Drilling Fluid ProgramWater
Page 30 and 31: Table 2.4 Hydrostatic Fluid Dischar
Page 32 and 33: Acid GasInjectionFeed GasCompressio
Page 34 and 35: Although the M&NP Option is the onl
Page 36 and 37: Spent TEG has no measurable H 2 S a
Page 38 and 39: Table 2.7 Water CompositionComponen
Page 40 and 41: 2.4.2 Utilities2.4.2.1 Electrical P
Page 42 and 43: will be designed considering emerge
Page 44 and 45: zones over the pipeline although th
Page 46 and 47: 2.7 Emissions and DischargesEnCana
Page 48 and 49: Table 2.8 Routine Project Emissions
Page 52 and 53: esult in eye irritation, respirator
Page 54 and 55: Typically, a re-entry and completio
Page 56 and 57: 2.7.5.3 Deck DrainageDuring constru
Page 58 and 59: 2.9.2 Pipeline Leak PreventionThe p
Page 60 and 61: 2.9.5 Subsea Protection StructuresT
Page 62 and 63: • consider concept alternatives f
Page 64 and 65: Table 2.10Centre Substructure Type
Page 66 and 67: is much more weather-dependent than
Page 68 and 69: Table 2.11 Processing Location Alte
Page 70 and 71: After carefully considering the con
Page 72 and 73: Flaring acid gas consists of direct
Page 74 and 75: Table 2.13Produced Water Disposal A
Page 76 and 77: Therefore, injection into an annula
Page 78 and 79: Use of a dedicated condensate pipel
Page 80 and 81: is taken offshore on a special lay
Page 82: Table 2.15Acid Gas Injection Locati

Deep Panuke Project Description - Encana

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