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Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Stent Grafting 297 4. Parmer SS, Carpenter JP. Techniques for large sheath insertion during endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2006; 43(suppl A):62A–68A. 5. Bavaria JE, Appoo JJ, Makaroun MS, et al. Endovascular stent grafting versus open surgical repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in low risk patients: a multicenter comparative trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. In press. 6. Khandheria BK. Aortic dissection. The last frontier. Circulation 1993; 87(5): 1765–1768. 7. Pretre R, Von Segesser LK. Aortic dissection. Lancet 1997; 349(9063):1461–1464. 8. Roberts CS, Roberts WC. Aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the descending thoracic aorta. Analysis of 40 necropsy patients. Ann Surg 1991; 213(4):356–368. 9. Bickerstaff LK, Pairolero PC, Hollier LH, et al. Thoracic aortic aneurysms: a population–based study. Surgery 1982; 92(6):1103–1108. 10. Green GR, Kron IL. Aortic dissection. In: Cohn LH, Edmunds LH, eds. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003:1095–1122. 11. Herold U, Piotrowski J, Baumgart D, et al. Endoluminal stent graft repair for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection and atherosclerotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta: an interdisciplinary task. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 22(6):891–897. 12. Bavaria JE, Brinster DR, Gorman RC, et al. Advances in the treatment of acute type A dissection: an integrated approach. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74(5):S1848–S1852, discussion S1857–S1863. 13. Kallenbach K, Oelze T, Salcher R, et al. Evolving strategies for treatment of acute aortic dissection type A. Circulation 2004; 110(11 suppl 1):II243–249. 14. Ehrlich MP, Ergin MA, McCullough JN, et al. Results of immediate surgical treatment of all acute type A dissections. Circulation 2000; 102(19 suppl 3):III248–252. 15. Tan ME, Dossche KM, Morshuis WJ, et al. Operative risk factors of type A aortic dissection: analysis of 252 consecutive patients. Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 11(4):277–285. 16. Lai DT, Miller DC, Mitchell RS, et al. Acute type A aortic dissection complicated by aortic regurgitation: composite valve graft versus separate valve graft versus conservative valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 126(6):1978–1986. 17. Driever R, Botsios S, Schmitz E, et al. Long-term effectiveness of operative procedures for Stanford type A aortic dissections. Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 11(4):265–272. 18. Moon MR, Sundt TM III, Pasque MK, et al. Does the extent of proximal or distal resection influence outcome for type A dissections? Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71(4): 1244–1249, discussion 1249–1250. 19. Lansman SL, McCullough JN, Nguyen KH, et al. Subtypes of acute aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67(6):1975–1978, discussion 1979–1980. 20. Hutschala D, Fleck T, Czerny M, et al. Endoluminal stent-graft placement in patients with acute aortic dissection type B. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 21(6):964–969. 21. Marty-Ane CH, Berthet JP, Branchereau P, et al. Endovascular repair for acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75(6):1803–1807. 22. Zimpfer D, Czerny M, Kettenbach J, et al. Treatment of acute type a dissection by percutaneous endovascular stent-graft placement. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82(2): 747–749. 23. Zhang H, Li M, Jin W, Wang Z. Endoluminal and surgical treatment for the management of Stanford type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 26(4): 857–859. 24. Ihnken K, Sze D, Dake MD, et al. Successful treatment of a Stanford type A dissection by percutaneous placement of a covered stent graft in the ascending aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 127(6):1808–1810.
298 Brinster et al. 25. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The International registry of acute aortic dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA 2000; 283(7): 897–903. 26. Trimarchi S, Nienaber CA, Rampoldi V, et al. Role and results of surgery in acute type B aortic dissection: insights from the International registry of acute aortic dissection (IRAD). Circulation 2006; 114(1 suppl):I357–364. 27. Glower DD, Fann JI, Speier RH, et al. Comparison of medical and surgical therapy for uncomplicated descending aortic dissection. Circulation 1990; 82(5 suppl): IV39– 46. 28. Umana JP, Lai DT, Mitchell RS, et al. Is medical therapy still the optimal treatment strategy for patients with acute type B aortic dissections? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 124(5):896–910. 29. Gysi J, Schaffner T, Mohacsi P, et al. Early and late outcome of operated and non– operated acute dissection of the descending aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997; 11(6):1163–1169, discussion 1169–1170. 30. Safi HJ, Miller CC III, Reardon MJ, et al. Operation for acute and chronic aortic dissection: recent outcome with regard to neurologic deficit and early death. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66(2):402–411. 31. Yeh CH, Chen MC, Wu YC, et al. Risk factors for descending aortic aneurysm formation in medium-term follow-up of patients with type A aortic dissection. Chest 2003; 124(3):989–995. 32. Fann JI, Smith JA, Miller DC, et al. Surgical management of aortic dissection during a 30-year period. Circulation 1995; 92(9 suppl):II113 –121. 33. Juvonen T, Ergin MA, Galla JD, et al. Prospective study of the natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63(6):1533–1545. 34. Akutsu K, Nejima J, Kiuchi K, et al. Effects of the patent false lumen on the long–term outcome of type B acute aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 26(2): 359–366. 35. Ergin MA, Phillips RA, Galla JD, et al. Significance of distal false lumen after type A dissection repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 57(4):820–824, discussion 825. 36. Sueyoshi E, Sakamoto I, Hayashi K, et al. Growth rate of aortic diameter in patients with type B aortic dissection during the chronic phase. Circulation 2004; 110(11 suppl 1):II256–261. 37. Elefteriades JA. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms: indications for surgery, and surgical versus nonsurgical risks. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74(5):S1877–1880, discussion S1892–1898. 38. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17(2):357–368, discussion 368–370. 39. Kouchoukos NT, Masetti P, Rokkas CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest for operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72(3):699–707, discussion 707–708. 40. Crawford ES, Crawford JL, Safi HJ, et al. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 patients. J Vasc Surg 1986; 3(3):389–404. 41. Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Miller CC III, et al. Mortality and paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a risk factor analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69(2):409–414.
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Acute Aortic Disease
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15. Heart Failure: Basic Science an
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52. Clinical, Interventional, and I
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Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 270 Ma
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Introduction Informa Healthcare has
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Foreword There is no disease more c
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Preface Over 100 years ago, the gre
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Preface xi Some distinguishing feat
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xiv Acknowledgments Above all, than
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xvi Contents 6. Genetic Basis of Th
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Contributors Nili Avidan Division o
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Contributors xxi Arun Raghupathy Di
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2 Nienaber and Ince Table 1 Risk Co
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4 Nienaber and Ince In addition to
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6 Nienaber and Ince CLASSIFICATION
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8 Nienaber and Ince Lansman’s Cla
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10 Nienaber and Ince Figure 4 Curve
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12 Nienaber and Ince Figure 6 Evolu
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14 Nienaber and Ince dissection, su
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16 Nienaber and Ince (A) (B) Probab
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18 Nienaber and Ince Table 5 Risk P
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20 Nienaber and Ince of the predila
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22 Nienaber and Ince 34. Pieters FA
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24 Nienaber and Ince 75. Mehta RH,
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26 Nienaber and Ince hematoma (IMH)
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28 Nienaber and Ince One good featu
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30 Isselbacher SYMPTOMS Pain Experi
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32 Isselbacher and wane in severity
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34 Isselbacher The mechanisms are u
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36 Isselbacher deficits are most co
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38 Isselbacher 3. Nallamothu BK, Me
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40 Danias spinal arteries) and the
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42 Danias Figure 2 Anteroposterior
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44 Danias However, due to the dista
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46 Danias TEE is highly sensitive f
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48 Danias faster, with higher resol
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50 Danias Figure 6 Transverse slice
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52 Danias hematoma, CT was reported
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54 Danias Figure 9 Transverse black
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56 Danias Figure 12 Single phase-co
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58 Danias restricted to the absolut
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60 Danias In conclusion, in the rig
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62 Danias DISCUSSION AND COMMENTARY
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64 Danias tomography, among others.
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66 Danias cardiac silhouette. The a
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68 Raghupathy and Eagle the inciden
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70 Raghupathy and Eagle Figure 1 Sp
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72 Raghupathy and Eagle SIGNS A tho
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74 Raghupathy and Eagle patients ma
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76 Raghupathy and Eagle Table 5 Dia
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78 Raghupathy and Eagle Table 6 A S
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80 Raghupathy and Eagle Figure 6 (A
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82 Raghupathy and Eagle Figure 9 (A
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84 Raghupathy and Eagle EDITOR’S
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86 Raghupathy and Eagle 30. Erbel R
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88 Raghupathy and Eagle is highly l
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90 Elefteriades and Rizzo required
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92 Elefteriades and Rizzo Table 1 S
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94 Elefteriades and Rizzo 70s, this
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96 Elefteriades and Rizzo Table 3 C
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98 Elefteriades and Rizzo DISCUSSIO
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100 Milewicz et al. KNOWN GENETIC S
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102 Milewicz et al. Table 2 Quick G
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104 Milewicz et al. ascending aorti
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106 Milewicz et al. Turner syndrome
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108 Milewicz et al. dissection in t
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110 Milewicz et al. Figure 5 Haplot
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112 Milewicz et al. A genome wide s
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114 Milewicz et al. Structural anal
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116 Milewicz et al. assembly of a h
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118 Milewicz et al. in the nuclei o
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120 Milewicz et al. 22. Furlong J,
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122 Milewicz et al. DISCUSSION AND
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124 Milewicz et al. Figure A Distri
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126 Elefteriades and Koullias Figur
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128 Elefteriades and Koullias prope
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8 Matrix Metalloproteinases in Aort
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Aortic
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INTRODUCTION 9 Inflammation and Rem
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Inflammation and Remodeling in the
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10 Weight Lifting and Aortic Dissec
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Weight Lifting and Aortic Dissectio
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11 Timing of Acute Aortic Events: H
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Timing of Acute Aortic Events 171 F
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SECTION IV: TREATMENT OF ACUTE AORT
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Natural History of Thoracic Aortic
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206 Shahriari and Farkas properties
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208 Shahriari and Farkas Figure 2 E
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210 Shahriari and Farkas Less than
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212 Shahriari and Farkas helpful if
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214 Shahriari and Farkas Figure 6 A
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216 Shahriari and Farkas (68). Many
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218 Shahriari and Farkas Figure 9 H
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220 Shahriari and Farkas fistula is
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222 Shahriari and Farkas MEGS is de
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224 Shahriari and Farkas 26. Svenss
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226 Shahriari and Farkas 63. Fehren
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14 Acute Aortic Dissection: Anti-im
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Acute Aortic Dissection 231 lamella
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Acute Aortic Dissection 233 P t is
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Acute Aortic Dissection 235 From th
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Acute Aortic Dissection 237 Figure
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Acute Aortic Dissection 239 concern
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Acute Aortic Dissection 241 Table 2
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Acute Aortic Dissection 243 dissect
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Acute Aortic Dissection 245 22. Bax
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Page 281 and 282: 252 Elefteriades and Griepp ACUTE A
Page 283 and 284: 254 Elefteriades and Griepp Figure
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Page 293 and 294: 264 Elefteriades and Griepp Natural
Page 295 and 296: 266 Elefteriades and Griepp CONCLUS
Page 297 and 298: 268 Elefteriades and Griepp DISCUSS
Page 299 and 300: 270 Brinster et al. thoracic aneury
Page 301 and 302: 272 Brinster et al. Figure 1 Retrop
Page 303 and 304: 274 Brinster et al. artery. Z3 land
Page 305 and 306: 276 Brinster et al. or ischemia of
Page 307 and 308: 278 Brinster et al. registry arm (2
Page 309 and 310: 280 Brinster et al. Table 3 Early P
Page 311 and 312: 282 Brinster et al. According to th
Page 313 and 314: 284 Brinster et al. ranged from 1 t
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Page 317 and 318: 288 Brinster et al. conventional op
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Page 321 and 322: 292 Brinster et al. Table 5 Risk Fa
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Page 329 and 330: 300 Brinster et al. 60. Elefteriade
Page 331 and 332: 302 Brinster et al. 98. Liu ZG, Sun
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Page 335 and 336: 306 Brinster et al. 100% 90% 80% 70
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Page 339 and 340: 310 Hackmann et al. treatment. New
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Page 347 and 348: 318 Hackmann et al. inhibits NF-κB
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Page 351 and 352: 322 Hackmann et al. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 353 and 354: 324 Hackmann et al. 34. Thompson RW
Page 355 and 356: 326 Hackmann et al. 70. LeMaire SA,
Page 357 and 358: 328 Hackmann et al. 105. Marra DE,
Page 359 and 360: 330 Hackmann et al. DISCUSSION AND
Page 361 and 362: 332 Elefteriades Diseases of the th
Page 363 and 364: 334 Elefteriades Table 1 Individual
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Page 367 and 368: 338 Elefteriades Failure to Diagnos
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Page 371 and 372: 342 Elefteriades Figure 3 Computed
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348 Elefteriades Figure 1 (See colo
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350 Elefteriades that are the subje
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SECTION VII: SYNTHESIS 20 The Key L
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The Key Lessons of This Book—In a
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362 Index Aging, aortic aneurysms a
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364 Index Cytokines, aortic aneurys
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366 Index Pathoanatomy classificati
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368 Index [Thoracic aortic aneurysm
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Figure 1.C Note from schematic depi
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Figure 8.1 Dramatic clinical exampl
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Figure 11.2 Proposed schema for the
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Figure 19.1 Future prospects in car
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