Male Infertility A child of my own - Andrology Australia

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APPENDICESHORMONAL PROBLEMSSee AndrologyAustralia’s guide onAndrogen Defi ciencyfor more informationWhat hormonal problems cause infertility?Low levels of pituitary hormones is a rare cause ofinfertility. Low production of follicle stimulatinghormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)by the pituitary gland can affect testosterone levelsin the testes and reduce sperm production. Themost common hormonal problems are pituitarytumours or problems with the development of thepituitary leading to a lack of FSH/LH.How are hormonal problems treated?Hormonal (often referred to as endocrine)problems are rare causes of infertility with aboutone in 100 infertile men having this problem.However, it is vital that these men are properlydiagnosed because effective treatments cansometimes be given. FSH and LH treatments canusually improve sperm production.Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)injections (which is similar to LH) once or twicea week can stimulate the Leydig cells to producetestosterone. After four to six months of treatment,FSH may also be given if sperm productionhas not improved using just hCG. Testosteronetreatment does not boost sperm productionand should not be given to men seeking fertilitywithout specialist review.MALE INFERTILITY 64
What are the risks of hormonal treatment?There are very few risks associated with thesehormone medicines, but breast tenderness andswelling sometimes happen.What are other considerations for men withhormonal problems?Sperm production is a long process (about threemonths for mature sperm to be produced), sotreatment with these hormones is usually over avery long period of time, sometimes two or moreyears. Sperm production usually stops when thesehormone treatments are withdrawn. Thereforefreezing some sperm at the end of treatment forlater pregnancies should be considered.Some men with zero or very low sperm countscan have low testosterone levels. Such menwith poor semen quality should always have aserum testosterone level measured and if theirtestosterone is low, careful consideration shouldbe given to treatment.Men who are clinically diagnosed with lowtestosterone (androgen deficiency) will needtestosterone treatment for life, even if nothaving infertility treatment.MALE INFERTILITY 65
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MALEINFERTILITYA CHILD OF MY OWNA B
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MALE INFERTILITYInfertility - Not j
Page 5 and 6:
MALEREPRODUCTIONWhat are sperm?Sper
Page 7 and 8:
Before birth, the developing testes
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Cross-section of sperm-producing tu
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The levels of FSH and LH in the blo
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Where can sperm production go wrong
Page 15 and 16: SIGNS &SYMPTOMSWhat is male inferti
Page 17 and 18: CAUSESWhat are the known causes of
Page 19 and 20: Sperm productionproblemsBlockage of
Page 21 and 22: DIAGNOSISHow is male infertility di
Page 23 and 24: Ultrasound may be used if the teste
Page 25 and 26: SpermnumbersLow orzeroLow orzeroLow
Page 27 and 28: Another blood test which can be don
Page 29 and 30: What if no cause is found?For most
Page 31 and 32: temporarily lower a sperm count for
Page 33 and 34: using methods approved by the World
Page 35 and 36: TREATMENTCan male infertility be tr
Page 37 and 38: Treatable causes of male infertilit
Page 39 and 40: What about assisted reproductive te
Page 41 and 42: not affecting sperm production or t
Page 43 and 44: ecome pregnant avoid exposure to an
Page 45 and 46: HAVINGA FAMILYWhat are the chances
Page 47 and 48: very low sperm counts who previousl
Page 49 and 50: What issues need to be thought abou
Page 51 and 52: Childhood developmentLarge studies
Page 53 and 54: Chances of finding sperm are low fo
Page 55 and 56: Semen collectionFor most types of I
Page 57 and 58: What are the success rates with ART
Page 59 and 60: Adoption of babies and children fro
Page 61 and 62: Most men also feel the need to unde
Page 63 and 64: attention is paid to the infertile
Page 65: APPENDICESMALE INFERTILITY 63
Page 69 and 70: Most men with Klinefelter’s syndr
Page 71 and 72: What are other considerations for m
Page 73 and 74: Even when this problem is surgicall
Page 75 and 76: How do sexually transmitted infecti
Page 77 and 78: APPENDICESTORSION OF THE TESTISWhat
Page 79 and 80: APPENDICESHEATHow does temperature
Page 81 and 82: APPENDICESVARICOCELEWhat is a varic
Page 83 and 84: APPENDICESSPERM ANTIBODIESWhat are
Page 85 and 86: What are the risks of medicine trea
Page 87 and 88: Alternatively, sperm can be collect
Page 89 and 90: APPENDICESABSENCE OF VAS DEFERENSWh
Page 91 and 92: APPENDICESERECTION &EJACULATION PRO
Page 93 and 94: What are the risks with erectiledys
Page 95 and 96: What are the risks of ejaculation t
Page 97 and 98: How does chemotherapy affect fertil
Page 99 and 100: Where can sperm be stored?Sperm is
Page 101 and 102: Environmental and chemical agents,
Page 103 and 104: APPENDICESRADIATIONHow does radiati
Page 105 and 106: SUPPORTThis booklet gives informati
Page 107 and 108: Websites of relevanceAccessAustrali
Page 109 and 110: chromosomes Structures in each cell
Page 111 and 112: oligozoospermia (or oligospermia) A
Page 113 and 114: spermaturia Spermaturia is the rele
Page 115 and 116: AUTHORSProfessor Robert McLachlanMM
Page 117 and 118:
Assisted reproductive technologies
Page 119 and 120:
7Halliday, JL, Ukoumunne OC, Baker
Page 121:
Postal address:Andrology AustraliaM
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