Male Infertility A child of my own - Andrology Australia

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APPENDICESVARICOCELEdone as a day procedure but at the most may needan overnight stay in hospital.Alternatively, an embolisation (closing of the vein)can be done under local anaesthetic. A catheter(very fine long flexible tube) is inserted into a veinin the groin and guided through a network of veinsand into the left testicular vein. A small coil or aplug is passed through the catheter to block theblood flow and stop the varicocele from forming.Dye may also be injected into the testicular vein toclearly show the location of the varicocele.Is treatment for varicoceles helpful?The benefits of both these varicocele operations arenot clear. Improved semen quality and increases inpregnancy rates after varicocele surgery have notbeen proven.What are the risks with varicocele treatment?Both procedures have a small number ofrisks. Sometimes the wounds bleed after theoperation. The blood supply to the testis can alsobe affected in these procedures, which can causepermanent testis damage and increase the chancesof infertility.In some men, a hydrocele (collection of fluid ina sac around the testis) can happen as a result ofsurgery but this does not affect testicular function.MALE INFERTILITY 80
APPENDICESSPERM ANTIBODIESWhat are sperm antibodies?Antibodies are proteins made in the body by theimmune system to fight infection or disease. Theyattack anything in the body that is foreign (that isnot naturally part of the body). Sperm antibodies,also known as sperm autoimmunity, affect aboutone in every 16 infertile men.As sperm are produced at puberty, well after theimmune system has developed, the body willmake antibodies against the sperm (antispermantibodies). Normally, there are systems in thetestes that limit the response of the immunesystem to sperm and stop the production of spermantibodies. When these systems breakdown, forreasons that are not clear, the immune systemdevelops antibodies against sperm.Sperm antibodies are commonly found in twothirds of men who have had a vasectomy, injuryor infection in the epididymis. However, in manycases, the presence of sperm antibodies cannotbe explained.Sperm antibodiesare common in menwho have had avasectomyMALE INFERTILITY 81
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MALEINFERTILITYA CHILD OF MY OWNA B
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MALE INFERTILITYInfertility - Not j
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MALEREPRODUCTIONWhat are sperm?Sper
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Before birth, the developing testes
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Cross-section of sperm-producing tu
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The levels of FSH and LH in the blo
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Where can sperm production go wrong
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SIGNS &SYMPTOMSWhat is male inferti
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CAUSESWhat are the known causes of
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Sperm productionproblemsBlockage of
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DIAGNOSISHow is male infertility di
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Ultrasound may be used if the teste
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SpermnumbersLow orzeroLow orzeroLow
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Another blood test which can be don
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What if no cause is found?For most
Page 31 and 32: temporarily lower a sperm count for
Page 33 and 34: using methods approved by the World
Page 35 and 36: TREATMENTCan male infertility be tr
Page 37 and 38: Treatable causes of male infertilit
Page 39 and 40: What about assisted reproductive te
Page 41 and 42: not affecting sperm production or t
Page 43 and 44: ecome pregnant avoid exposure to an
Page 45 and 46: HAVINGA FAMILYWhat are the chances
Page 47 and 48: very low sperm counts who previousl
Page 49 and 50: What issues need to be thought abou
Page 51 and 52: Childhood developmentLarge studies
Page 53 and 54: Chances of finding sperm are low fo
Page 55 and 56: Semen collectionFor most types of I
Page 57 and 58: What are the success rates with ART
Page 59 and 60: Adoption of babies and children fro
Page 61 and 62: Most men also feel the need to unde
Page 63 and 64: attention is paid to the infertile
Page 65 and 66: APPENDICESMALE INFERTILITY 63
Page 67 and 68: What are the risks of hormonal trea
Page 69 and 70: Most men with Klinefelter’s syndr
Page 71 and 72: What are other considerations for m
Page 73 and 74: Even when this problem is surgicall
Page 75 and 76: How do sexually transmitted infecti
Page 77 and 78: APPENDICESTORSION OF THE TESTISWhat
Page 79 and 80: APPENDICESHEATHow does temperature
Page 81: APPENDICESVARICOCELEWhat is a varic
Page 85 and 86: What are the risks of medicine trea
Page 87 and 88: Alternatively, sperm can be collect
Page 89 and 90: APPENDICESABSENCE OF VAS DEFERENSWh
Page 91 and 92: APPENDICESERECTION &EJACULATION PRO
Page 93 and 94: What are the risks with erectiledys
Page 95 and 96: What are the risks of ejaculation t
Page 97 and 98: How does chemotherapy affect fertil
Page 99 and 100: Where can sperm be stored?Sperm is
Page 101 and 102: Environmental and chemical agents,
Page 103 and 104: APPENDICESRADIATIONHow does radiati
Page 105 and 106: SUPPORTThis booklet gives informati
Page 107 and 108: Websites of relevanceAccessAustrali
Page 109 and 110: chromosomes Structures in each cell
Page 111 and 112: oligozoospermia (or oligospermia) A
Page 113 and 114: spermaturia Spermaturia is the rele
Page 115 and 116: AUTHORSProfessor Robert McLachlanMM
Page 117 and 118: Assisted reproductive technologies
Page 119 and 120: 7Halliday, JL, Ukoumunne OC, Baker
Page 121: Postal address:Andrology AustraliaM
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