Male Infertility A child of my own - Andrology Australia

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APPENDICESERECTION &EJACULATION PROBLEMSMALE INFERTILITY 90Causes may include:• Nerve damage following prostate or otherabdominal surgery, spinal cord injury or diabetes• Poor blood supply into the penis and poorfunction of the blood vessels in the penis (suchpoor blood vessel function is more common inmen with cardiovascular problems like heartdisease, stroke and diabetes)• Interactions with other medicines• Psychological or relationship problemsHow is erectile dysfunction orimpotence treated?Most often erectile dysfunction is due toconditions affecting the blood flow to the penis orthe nerves which supply the blood vessels. Theseare not usually reversible but medicines, whichrelax blood vessels in the penis, can help men geterections. Tablets such as Viagra®, Cialis® andLevitra® (PDE5 inhibitors), work well for manymen with erectile dysfunction. Injections for thepenis, such as Caverject Impulse®, can be used ifthese oral medicines don’t work or can’t be used.Erectile dysfunction can be caused bypsychological problems, and even if a physicalcause is found, psychological problems may stillhappen. Counselling can often help overcomeperformance anxiety and other concerns.
What are the risks with erectiledysfunction treatments?The PDE5 inhibitor tablets are not recommendedfor men with serious heart disease or men takingnitrate medicines for a heart condition. Thesemedicines must only be used when prescribed by adoctor who understands the man’s medical history.How is premature ejaculation treated?Men with premature ejaculation sometimesejaculate before the penis has entered thevagina (vaginal penetration). Medicines calledserotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may helpdelay ejaculation.Other non-medicine treatments include couplecounselling, pelvic floor exercises, methods ofreducing sensation and psychotherapy. Talking toa doctor or experienced sex therapist is importantand is recommended.How is retrograde ejaculation treated?During normal ejaculation, a ring of musclearound the opening of the bladder closes to stopsemen from entering the bladder during orgasm.This muscle does not close in men with retrogradeejaculation, allowing semen to flow back into thebladder. Retrograde ejaculation can be caused by anumber of problems, and is common after surgeryon the prostate.MALE INFERTILITY 91
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MALEINFERTILITYA CHILD OF MY OWNA B
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MALE INFERTILITYInfertility - Not j
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MALEREPRODUCTIONWhat are sperm?Sper
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Before birth, the developing testes
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Cross-section of sperm-producing tu
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The levels of FSH and LH in the blo
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Where can sperm production go wrong
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SIGNS &SYMPTOMSWhat is male inferti
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CAUSESWhat are the known causes of
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Sperm productionproblemsBlockage of
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DIAGNOSISHow is male infertility di
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Ultrasound may be used if the teste
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SpermnumbersLow orzeroLow orzeroLow
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Another blood test which can be don
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What if no cause is found?For most
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temporarily lower a sperm count for
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using methods approved by the World
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TREATMENTCan male infertility be tr
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Treatable causes of male infertilit
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What about assisted reproductive te
Page 41 and 42: not affecting sperm production or t
Page 43 and 44: ecome pregnant avoid exposure to an
Page 45 and 46: HAVINGA FAMILYWhat are the chances
Page 47 and 48: very low sperm counts who previousl
Page 49 and 50: What issues need to be thought abou
Page 51 and 52: Childhood developmentLarge studies
Page 53 and 54: Chances of finding sperm are low fo
Page 55 and 56: Semen collectionFor most types of I
Page 57 and 58: What are the success rates with ART
Page 59 and 60: Adoption of babies and children fro
Page 61 and 62: Most men also feel the need to unde
Page 63 and 64: attention is paid to the infertile
Page 65 and 66: APPENDICESMALE INFERTILITY 63
Page 67 and 68: What are the risks of hormonal trea
Page 69 and 70: Most men with Klinefelter’s syndr
Page 71 and 72: What are other considerations for m
Page 73 and 74: Even when this problem is surgicall
Page 75 and 76: How do sexually transmitted infecti
Page 77 and 78: APPENDICESTORSION OF THE TESTISWhat
Page 79 and 80: APPENDICESHEATHow does temperature
Page 81 and 82: APPENDICESVARICOCELEWhat is a varic
Page 83 and 84: APPENDICESSPERM ANTIBODIESWhat are
Page 85 and 86: What are the risks of medicine trea
Page 87 and 88: Alternatively, sperm can be collect
Page 89 and 90: APPENDICESABSENCE OF VAS DEFERENSWh
Page 91: APPENDICESERECTION &EJACULATION PRO
Page 95 and 96: What are the risks of ejaculation t
Page 97 and 98: How does chemotherapy affect fertil
Page 99 and 100: Where can sperm be stored?Sperm is
Page 101 and 102: Environmental and chemical agents,
Page 103 and 104: APPENDICESRADIATIONHow does radiati
Page 105 and 106: SUPPORTThis booklet gives informati
Page 107 and 108: Websites of relevanceAccessAustrali
Page 109 and 110: chromosomes Structures in each cell
Page 111 and 112: oligozoospermia (or oligospermia) A
Page 113 and 114: spermaturia Spermaturia is the rele
Page 115 and 116: AUTHORSProfessor Robert McLachlanMM
Page 117 and 118: Assisted reproductive technologies
Page 119 and 120: 7Halliday, JL, Ukoumunne OC, Baker
Page 121: Postal address:Andrology AustraliaM
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