Male Infertility A child of my own - Andrology Australia

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APPENDICESINFECTIONSvesicles can also cause inflammatory cells to passinto the ejaculate, which may damage the sperm.Can surgery repair blockages?Some couples become pregnant naturally aftersurgery to remove blockages caused by infections.The success of surgery depends on the amount ofdamage and where the blockage is located in thereproductive tract. Blockages near the testes areparticularly hard to fix. Sperm antibodies are alsooften a problem for men with these blockages andmay also reduce the chance of natural pregnancy.[See section: ‘Appendices’ for more information on sperm antibodies]What are the risks with surgery?All surgery, particularly when a general anaesthetic isneeded, has some risks that need to be discussed withthe doctor. The risks with surgery to repair blockagesare small, however, sometimes bleeding and infectioncan happen at the site of the operation.Are there other ways to treat sperm blockages?IVF or other forms of assisted reproduction maybe done if men wish to have a family and do notwish to have surgery, or surgery was unsuccessful,to remove the blockage. A biopsy, or sample of thetestis, is taken to find sperm that can be used forIVF/ICSI procedures.[See section: ‘Having a Family’ for more information]MALE INFERTILITY 74
APPENDICESTORSION OF THE TESTISWhat is torsion of the testis?The spermatic cord, which is made up of the vasdeferens, nerves and blood vessels, attaches thetestes to the body. Torsion of the testis happenswhen the testis rotates (twists) in the scrotumaround the spermatic cord, blocking blood flowto the testis. This causes severe pain and swelling.Testicular torsion, which normally affects teenagersor young adults, happens when there are structuralproblems that make it easier than normal for thetestis to twist. Testicular torsion can be triggeredby hard, physical activity and can happen in oneor both testes. Sometimes, torsion of the testis isconfused with an infection.How does torsion of the testis affectsperm production?The twisting of the testis cuts off the blood supplyto the testis, causing damage to the tubes thatproduce sperm. If the blood supply is stopped,even for a short period of time, the testis doesnot recover and stops producing sperm.A diagnosis of aninfection shouldNOT be made unlesstorsion of the testisis ruled outMALE INFERTILITY 75
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MALEINFERTILITYA CHILD OF MY OWNA B
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MALE INFERTILITYInfertility - Not j
Page 5 and 6:
MALEREPRODUCTIONWhat are sperm?Sper
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Before birth, the developing testes
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Cross-section of sperm-producing tu
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The levels of FSH and LH in the blo
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Where can sperm production go wrong
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SIGNS &SYMPTOMSWhat is male inferti
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CAUSESWhat are the known causes of
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Sperm productionproblemsBlockage of
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DIAGNOSISHow is male infertility di
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Ultrasound may be used if the teste
Page 25 and 26: SpermnumbersLow orzeroLow orzeroLow
Page 27 and 28: Another blood test which can be don
Page 29 and 30: What if no cause is found?For most
Page 31 and 32: temporarily lower a sperm count for
Page 33 and 34: using methods approved by the World
Page 35 and 36: TREATMENTCan male infertility be tr
Page 37 and 38: Treatable causes of male infertilit
Page 39 and 40: What about assisted reproductive te
Page 41 and 42: not affecting sperm production or t
Page 43 and 44: ecome pregnant avoid exposure to an
Page 45 and 46: HAVINGA FAMILYWhat are the chances
Page 47 and 48: very low sperm counts who previousl
Page 49 and 50: What issues need to be thought abou
Page 51 and 52: Childhood developmentLarge studies
Page 53 and 54: Chances of finding sperm are low fo
Page 55 and 56: Semen collectionFor most types of I
Page 57 and 58: What are the success rates with ART
Page 59 and 60: Adoption of babies and children fro
Page 61 and 62: Most men also feel the need to unde
Page 63 and 64: attention is paid to the infertile
Page 65 and 66: APPENDICESMALE INFERTILITY 63
Page 67 and 68: What are the risks of hormonal trea
Page 69 and 70: Most men with Klinefelter’s syndr
Page 71 and 72: What are other considerations for m
Page 73 and 74: Even when this problem is surgicall
Page 75: How do sexually transmitted infecti
Page 79 and 80: APPENDICESHEATHow does temperature
Page 81 and 82: APPENDICESVARICOCELEWhat is a varic
Page 83 and 84: APPENDICESSPERM ANTIBODIESWhat are
Page 85 and 86: What are the risks of medicine trea
Page 87 and 88: Alternatively, sperm can be collect
Page 89 and 90: APPENDICESABSENCE OF VAS DEFERENSWh
Page 91 and 92: APPENDICESERECTION &EJACULATION PRO
Page 93 and 94: What are the risks with erectiledys
Page 95 and 96: What are the risks of ejaculation t
Page 97 and 98: How does chemotherapy affect fertil
Page 99 and 100: Where can sperm be stored?Sperm is
Page 101 and 102: Environmental and chemical agents,
Page 103 and 104: APPENDICESRADIATIONHow does radiati
Page 105 and 106: SUPPORTThis booklet gives informati
Page 107 and 108: Websites of relevanceAccessAustrali
Page 109 and 110: chromosomes Structures in each cell
Page 111 and 112: oligozoospermia (or oligospermia) A
Page 113 and 114: spermaturia Spermaturia is the rele
Page 115 and 116: AUTHORSProfessor Robert McLachlanMM
Page 117 and 118: Assisted reproductive technologies
Page 119 and 120: 7Halliday, JL, Ukoumunne OC, Baker
Page 121: Postal address:Andrology AustraliaM
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