LYRICALPOETRY"THEVININETIES"FROM Oscar Wilde and The Yellow Book there hasbeen derived and transmitted an impression of thenineties of last century that is, to say the least, partialand misleading. To one who looks back on thoseyears through his own memory, whatever may be hisfinal judgment of relative values, the most startlingphenomenon was, not Wilde, but Rudyard Kipling.Of Wilde, apart from factors that have nothing to dowith literature, one recalls, not the poems, for suchof these as have real merit come later, but the firstof his brilliant essays and his debut as a comic dramatist.Of The Yellow Book little lingers but the nameand the drawings of Aubrey Beardsley. No; whatgave distinction to the last decade of an amazing centurywas the emergence of a series of new poets, eachwith his own peculiar affinities to one or other of thegreat men who were passing away, but each a poet ofmarked individuality, a poet of distinguished achievementand promise, a promise that was or was not tobe fulfilled—William Watson, Robert Louis Stevenson,Rudyard Kipling, W. E. Henley, W. B. Yeats, JohnDavidson, Ronald Campbell Macfie, Francis Thompson,A. E. Housman, and Thomas Hardy. I name themvery much as they rise in my own memory as newexperiences.To discover, before the century ended, any unmistakabledrift toward new horizons and unchartedseas would have been a difficult task. But lookingback, one may discern that the trend of the new cen-122
THENINETIES"tury was most clearly foreshadowed by the work ofthe second American poet who, after Edgar Allan Poe,has been an influence on this side of the Atlantic, WaltWhitman, and by the authors of Barrack-Room Ballads,The Shropshire Lad, and Wessex Poems. In their workone may study the gradual but final subsidence of theromantic wave which had traversed the century, thedislimning of those ideals, hopes, dreams, illusions,call them what you will, which had inspired a <strong>poetry</strong>of many tones and moods—the religion of Naturewhich "never did betray the heart that loved her,"and was even for Arnold and Meredith the great consoler;the worship of Liberty which had inspired somany pseans, from Byron's to Swinburne's. The dreamof the past, too, the past that never was a present, themagic of the Middle Ages, ages of Faith and also ofLove, not only "affecioun of holincsse" but "love asto a creature," that too dislimns, or lingers only in afew actual or potential Catholic poets. Not any ofthese dreams is the theme of Whitman, of Kipling orHousman or Hardy, but the actualities of modern life.Whitman and Kipling arc, indeed, still romantics,dreamers of dreams, but Whitman's romance isAmerican Democracy, Kipling's the British Empire.Mr Housman and Thomas Hardy have no suchillusions. For them, as for Leopardi,Amaro e noiaLa vita, altro mai nulla ; e fango e il mondo.But it is not alone the theme and the tone thatchanges; there is a change in the form, the technique,also. These poets have turned away from the elaboratevirtuosity of so much of the <strong>poetry</strong> of the century, ofwhich the revival at this time by Henley, Lang, and123
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HOGARTH LECTURES ON LITERATURELYRIC
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LYRICAL POETRY FROMBLAKE TO HARDYH.
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CONTENTSLECTUREI . INTRODUCTORY . .
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LYRICALPOETRYand fieicer ferment of
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LYRICALPOETRY,influence of the Hebr
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LYRICALPOETRY.intended to be sung w
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LYRICALPOETRY.or even, what is more
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LYRICAL POETRY.Niebelungen measure
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LYRICALPOETRYThe ecstasy of joy and
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LYRICAL POETRY •Arnold, and poets
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LYRICALPOETRY.had something to do w
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LYRICAL POETRY .Version of the Bibl
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LYRICALPOETRY.But the very complete
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LYRICALPOETRYHear the voice of the
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LYRICALPOETRYsimplicity, never in h
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LYRICAL POETRYnot very happy attemp
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LYRICALPOETRYBehold her single in t
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LYRICAL POETRYgrandeur as well as b
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LYRICALPOETRYBut it was not in this
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LYRICALPOETRYpublication of Percy's
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LYRICAL POETRYThen till't they gaed
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LYRICALPOETRY" Tell me, thou bonny
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LYRICALPOETRYeasily forgotten once
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LYRICALPOETRYthe deck but his wings
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LYRICALPOETRYDante's Paradiso affor
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LYRICALPOETRYAround its unexpanded
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LYRICALPOETRYweighted with the poet
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LYRICAL POETRYstatement of a single
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LYRICALPOETRYSuch space as I have,
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LYRICAL POETRYAway, away from men a
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LYRICALPOETRYSung to Adam and to Ev
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LYRICALPOETRYthree that follow add
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LYRICALPOETRYwere more gifted and a
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LYRICALPOETRY"Now is done thy long
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LYRICALPOETRY(Adonais), blank verse
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