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300STOWE, HARRIET BEECHERitualists.” After the 1881 release of the Revised Version of the Bible, publishedwithout the consultation of even one woman scholar, Stanton organized her ownexegetical committee and solicited commentaries on biblical passages that werecommonly used to degrade women. She was also the principal author of TheWoman’s Bible, published in two volumes in 1895 and 1898. As she emphasizedin the introduction of that work, “the Scriptures, the creeds and codes and churchdiscipline of the leading religions bear the impress of fallible men, and not of ourideal great first cause, ‘the Spirit of all Good,’ that set the universe of matter andmind in motion.” For that reason, the traditional text of the Bible had always beenused to enslave rather than liberate women, she said.Between 1881 (when she officially retired from the lecture circuit) and 1902,Stanton published five books and hundreds of articles. By her eightieth birthday,however, her health had begun to fail, and by 1899 she had lost her eyesight. Shecontinued, nevertheless, to dictate articles and to revise her speeches orally. Shedied at her home in New York City in October 1902. Because of her associationwith the Episcopal Church, Stanton is commemorated in the calendar of the EpiscopalChurch on July 20—the anniversary of the Seneca Falls convention.BibliographyA. Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony [microfilm], ed. Patricia G.Holland and Ann D. Gordon (n.p., 1831–1906); History of Woman Suffrage, 3 vols.(New York, 1881–87); The Woman’s Bible, 2 vols. (New York, 1895 and 1898);Eighty Years and More: Reminiscences, 1815–1897 (New York, 1898); ElizabethCady Stanton, as Revealed in Her Letters, Diary and Reminiscences, ed. TheodoreStanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch, 2 vols. (New York, 1922); Ellen Carol DuBois,ed., The Elizabeth Cady Stanton—Susan B. Anthony Reader: Correspondence,Writings, Speeches, rev. ed. (Boston, 1992).B. ANB 20, 562–65; DAB 17, 521–23; DARB, 511–12; DCA, 1129; EARH, 707–8, 799;EDC, 501–2; FD, 50–58; NAW 3, 342–47; NCAB 3, 84–85; WWWA 1, 1171; NYT,27 October 1902; Alma Lutz, Created Equal: A Biography of Elizabeth CadyStanton, 1815–1902 (New York, 1940); Lois Banner, Elizabeth Cady Stanton: ARadical for Woman’s Rights (Boston, 1980); Elisabeth Griffith, In Her Own Right:The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton (New York, 1984); Kathi Kern, Mrs. Stanton’sBible (Ithaca, N.Y., 2001).STOWE, HARRIET BEECHER (14 June 1811, Litchfield, Conn.–1 July 1896,Hartford, Conn.). Education: Studied at the Litchfield Female Academy, Litchfield,Conn., 1819–24; at the Hartford Female Seminary, Hartford, Conn., 1824–29. Career: Teacher, 1829–36; writer, 1833–78.The renowned American author Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in Litchfield,Connecticut, in June 1811. She was the daughter of Lyman Beecher, the popularCongregational clergyman, and Roxana Foote. Because her mother died whenHarriet was five years old, she was raised by a combination of sisters, aunts, andher grandmother Foote, an Episcopalian who introduced her to the Book of Com-