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322WILLIAMS, CHANNING MOOREBibliographyA. Papers at the archives of the diocese of Maryland in Baltimore; The Voice of the Lord(Washington, D.C., 1841); The Priesthood in the Church (Baltimore, 1842); TheBody of Christ (Baltimore, 1843); The Work of Christ by His Ministry (Baltimore,1856); Conformity in Worship (Baltimore, 1857); Fifteen Sermons (New York,1880).B. ACAB 6, 494–95; DAB 20, 176–77; EDC, 556; MM, 237–45; NCAB 6, 225–26; NelsonWaite Rightmyer, “The Church in a Border State—Maryland,” HMPEC 17 (1948):411–17; Richard R. Duncan, “Bishop Whittingham, the Maryland Diocese, andthe Civil War,” Maryland Historical Magazine 61 (1967): 329–47; William FrancisBrand, Life of William Rollinson Whittingham, 2 vols. (New York, 1883); DavidHein, ed., A Student’s View of the College of St. James on the Eve of the Civil War:The Letters of W. Wilkins Davis (Lewiston, N.Y., 1988), chapter 1.WILLIAMS, CHANNING MOORE (18 July 1829, Richmond, Va.–2 December1910, Richmond, Va.). Education: A.B., College of William and Mary, 1853;graduated from the Virginia Theological Seminary, 1855. Career: Missionary inChina, 1857–59, and in Japan, 1859–66; missionary bishop of China, with jurisdictionover Japan, 1866–74; missionary bishop of Yedo, Japan, 1874–89; retiredbishop in Japan, 1889–1908.Channing M. Williams, a missionary bishop to China and Japan, was born inRichmond, Virginia, in July 1829. Because his father, a Virginia farmer, diedwhen he was young, Channing grew up in poverty and ill-health. His piousmother, however, strove to strengthen him in body and to nurture him in theChristian faith. After taking some time to earn money for his education, he becamea student at the College of William and Mary, obtaining a degree in 1853. Havingdetermined to seek ordination, he entered the Virginia Theological Seminary inAlexandria. At the seminary he was excited to hear reports about the work of theschool’s graduates in China and Africa, and he decided that such a life was forhim as well.After graduation, Williams journeyed to China, where he served as a missionarypriest under William Jones Boone, the missionary bishop. Williams mainly engagedin preaching and handing out books and pamphlets. Believing that theChinese held books and learning in particularly high regard, he distributed separatelybound copies of Genesis, Exodus, the Gospels, and Acts. In 1859 theBoard of Missions of the Episcopal Church appointed Williams and a seminaryclassmate, John Liggins, the first Episcopal missionaries to Japan, a country thathad only recently become open to foreigners in residence. Pursuing an indirectapproach to evangelism, the two Episcopalians—the first non–Roman Catholicmissionaries in the country—sold historical, geographic, and scientific texts thatwere written in Japanese and contained references to religious themes. Wheneverthe books stimulated curiosity about Christianity and the Bible, Williams andLiggins encouraged further interest by distributing copies of the New Testament.