Differential treatment in the youth justice system - Equality and ...

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DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN THE YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEM3.2 Differential involvement: the 12 Youth Offending Teams (YOTs)Table 3.1 contrasts the proportion of each of the main ethnic groups in the teenagepopulation with the proportion accounted for by that group in the total number ofcases in our 12 YOTs. Each row in the table shows the percentage of the populationaccounted for by each ethnic group in a YOT area, followed by the percentage ofYOT cases accounted for by that ethnic group.Table 3.1 Population aged 10-17 and cases aged 10-17 in 12 YOTs,2006 (per cent)Asian Black Mixed White TotalPopulationPopu-Popu-Popu-Popu-AreaCases lation Cases lation Cases lation Cases lation CasesArea A 6 1 37 72 10 8 47 19 100 100Area B 27 16 1 3 3 3 68 77 100 100Area C 4 2 3 9 5 8 87 81 100 100Area D 61 53 6 7 4 11 29 30 100 100Area E 17 6 5 15 7 6 71 72 100 100Area F 13 4 30 55 8 12 49 29 100 100Area G 11 5 2 8 5 5 82 82 100 100Area H 25 12 8 12 6 9 60 67 100 100Area I 41 23 24 34 6 9 29 33 100 100Area J 19 6 1 3 3 4 77 87 100 100Area K 7 2 2 12 4 4 87 81 100 100Area L 10 3 15 41 8 9 67 48 100 100Totalarea 20 11 9 19 6 7 65 63 100 100Notes:1: Population figures are local authority estimates for 2006 derived from 2001 census statistics.2: Table excludes cases where ethnicity was Chinese/other (less than 1% of the sample) or ‘unknown’(4% of the sample).3: A more detailed breakdown of this table, presenting boys and girls separately and showing basefigures, can be found in Tables C3 and C4 in Appendix C.Table 3.1 shows very clear patterns of over- and under-representation in our 12 YOTareas. Asian teenagers are under-represented in caseload figures in every YOT.By contrast black teenagers are over-represented in the caseload statistics ofeach YOT, sometimes by large margins. Mixed race and white teenagers areover-represented in half of the YOTs.3.3 Entry into the youth justice system: the four case study areasIn 2006, across Areas A1, B1, C1 and D1, 2,439 young people aged nine to 17 werebetween them arrested 3,044 times over a six-month period. Table 3.2 showsarrestees by age and ethnicity across the four areas. Slightly more than half of19
YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEMarrestees were white, a fifth (21%) were Asian, 17% were black, 8% were mixedrace and the remaining 3% had no ethnicity recorded. 21 At the time, police recordsin Areas A1 and B1 did not distinguish mixed race as a separate category, soTable 3.2 underestimates proportions of mixed race arrestees. Seventeen per centof arrestees were female.Table 3.2Age and ethnicity of arrestees, Areas A1-D1 (per cent)Age Asian BlackMixedraceWhiteNotrecordedTotal9-13 13 12 9 16 26 1414-15 38 39 40 34 33 3616-17 50 49 51 50 41 50Total 100 100 100 100 100 100N 517 407 183 1,248 81 2,436 2Notes:1. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.2. Data were missing for three young people.Table 3.3 compares the ethnic mix of arrestees in our four sub-areas against that ofthe overall caseloads of the four YOTs from which the sub-areas were selected.Those arrested who received a police warning or a court disposal should in theoryappear in the YOT caseload database – though in practice there is a recordingshortfall for some disposals, as discussed in Chapter 5. Although we could not locatepopulation figures for the four sub-areas broken down by age and ethnicity, it is fairlyclear that the patterns of under- and over-representation, seen in Table 3.1, appearto be broadly replicated in the sub-areas. (It will be remembered that Areas A1 andB1 did not use the mixed race category in their arrest statistics at the time of theresearch.) The rest of this chapter aims to shed light on the processes by whichthese arrests took place.21It should be borne in mind that the areas were selected because they had higher than average proportionsof ethnic minority teenagers in their populations.20
Page 1 and 2: Equality and Human Rights Commissio
Page 3 and 4: © Equality and Human Rights Commis
Page 5 and 6: Appendix A: Area profiles 97Appendi
Page 7 and 8: Tables and figuresPageTables3.1 Pop
Page 9 and 10: GlossaryBCUBasic Command UnitCJSCri
Page 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAssessing the reas
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPolice training•
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTIONover-represented in rob
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTIONthe increase in prosecu
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTIONIn contrast, a MORI sel
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTIONexplanation is that you
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTIONin itself, if the socia
Page 27 and 28: RESEARCH METHODS2. Research methods
Page 29 and 30: RESEARCH METHODS29% was white; 6% b
Page 31 and 32: RESEARCH METHODSfor several differe
Page 33: YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOU
Page 37 and 38: YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOU
Page 51 and 52: UNDERSTANDING THE POLICING OF YOUNG
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PASSING THROUGH THE YOUTH JUSTICE S
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS6. Discus
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSdefendant
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSdifficult
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSFurther r
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APPENDICES10- to 17-year-old popula
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APPENDICES16s making up 23% of the
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APPENDICESAppendix B:Tables of offe
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APPENDICESCustody record dataTable
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APPENDICESTable B7Area C custody re
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APPENDICESAppendix C:YOT data sampl
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APPENDICESTable C3ONS estimated 10-
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APPENDICESTable C5Profile of crimes
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APPENDICESTable C6 Profile of crime
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APPENDICESTable C7aCase profile% Ma
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APPENDICESTable C8Proportion of off
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Table C10Proportion of disposals gi
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Table C12Proportion of sentenced di
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Appendix D:Multivariate logistic re
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APPENDICESTable D3Model of prosecut
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APPENDICESTable D6Model of dismissa
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APPENDICESTable D8: Model of Remand
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APPENDICESTable D10Asset sample, mo
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APPENDICESTable D11Asset sample, mo
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Table D13Model of community sentenc
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APPENDICESTable D15 Model of custod
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APPENDICESTable D17Length of custod
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REFERENCESReferencesAudit Commissio
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REFERENCESMirrlees-Black, C., Budd,
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ContactsEnglandEquality and Human R
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