Differential treatment in the youth justice system - Equality and ...

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DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN THE YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEMBeing remanded in custodyControlling for case characteristics and YOT area:• The odds of an Asian young person being remanded into custody was 1.8times higher than the odds of a white young person.• The odds of a black young person being remanded into custody was 1.9times higher than the odds of a white young person.To examine whether additional characteristics of young people can explain thedifferences between ethnic groups, data was collected from Asset. 54 Asset is anassessment tool used by YOTs to identify the main factors which influence a youngoffender’s risk of reoffending and to act as an indicator of their needs. Practitionersscore offenders on 12 different factors associated with risk of reoffending, withscores of zero if there is no likelihood of further offending, through to four wherethere is a strong likelihood of further offending. High scores on the factors meanthat a young offender is of high need, and is at high risk of reoffending, with scoresof two or more indicating that an intervention should take place (Nacro, 2007).The 12 core elements are:• living arrangements• education, training and employment• lifestyle• physical health• Perception of self and others• attitudes to offending• family and personal relationships• neighbourhood• substance use• emotional and mental health• thinking and behaviour• motivation to change54The Asset sample has only been used for the remand model as no data was available for pre-courtdisposals, and levels of missing data were high for cases resulting in first-tier court disposals.83
PASSING THROUGH THE YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEMFor each offender, the most recently completed Asset form could be matchedwith the most recent case. This produced a sub-sample of 4,269 individuals 55(see Table C14 of Appendix C 56 ).Of the 4,269 cases with Asset data, 95% (4,038) had scores across all 12 dynamicrisk factors. The Youth Justice Board (YJB), in its 2007 consultation paper ‘YouthJustice: The scaled approach’, created three categories for Asset scores. 57 Of theYJB Asset scores, only a small proportion were classed as ‘high’. However, theproportion of boys who have ‘high’ scores was larger for those of black or mixed racethan for whites. For girls, the sample size was under 100 for ethnic minorities, sodifferences between those with a high score were very small (see Table D9 inAppendix D). May et al. (forthcoming) also found that black and mixed race boyswere more likely to have higher needs on each of the dynamic risk factors comparedwith whites, with Asians tending to have the lowest level of need.Replicating the remand model on the Asset sample (with the exclusion of drugsoffences 58 ), Asians no longer had significantly lower odds of being remanded at the5% level (although this was significant at the 10% level), while the odds of black andmixed race teenagers being remanded were significantly higher than whiteteenagers. This result is consistent with findings from Feilzer and Hood (see TableD10 of Appendix D). Including the dynamic risk factor scores in the model made littledifference to the odds of remands for black and mixed race young people, whichremained significant. However, having a medium and high score compared to a lowscore further increased the odds of being remanded.55565758While there are 11,623 individuals within the overall sample of 18,083, due to a large amount of missingAsset data from Area F, this area was excluded.See Table C15 in Appendix C for ethnicity of the Asset sample.It has since been updated in September 2008 to include four additional scores: current offence, age at firstreprimand/caution/warning, age at first conviction and number of previous convictions. This updatedscoring has not been used due to missing data ranging from 20-30% of cases.Less than 1% of remand cases had a main offence of drugs.84
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Equality and Human Rights Commissio
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© Equality and Human Rights Commis
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Appendix A: Area profiles 97Appendi
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Tables and figuresPageTables3.1 Pop
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GlossaryBCUBasic Command UnitCJSCri
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAssessing the reas
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYPolice training•
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INTRODUCTIONover-represented in rob
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INTRODUCTIONthe increase in prosecu
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INTRODUCTIONIn contrast, a MORI sel
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INTRODUCTIONexplanation is that you
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INTRODUCTIONin itself, if the socia
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RESEARCH METHODS2. Research methods
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RESEARCH METHODS29% was white; 6% b
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RESEARCH METHODSfor several differe
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YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOU
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Page 47 and 48: YOUNG PEOPLE’S ENTRY INTO THE YOU
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Page 51 and 52: UNDERSTANDING THE POLICING OF YOUNG
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Page 105 and 106: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS6. Discus
Page 107 and 108: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSdefendant
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Page 117 and 118: APPENDICESAppendix B:Tables of offe
Page 119 and 120: APPENDICESCustody record dataTable
Page 121 and 122: APPENDICESTable B7Area C custody re
Page 123 and 124: APPENDICESAppendix C:YOT data sampl
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Page 127 and 128: APPENDICESTable C5Profile of crimes
Page 129 and 130: APPENDICESTable C6 Profile of crime
Page 131 and 132: APPENDICESTable C7aCase profile% Ma
Page 133 and 134: APPENDICESTable C8Proportion of off
Page 135 and 136: Table C10Proportion of disposals gi
Page 137 and 138: Table C12Proportion of sentenced di
Page 139 and 140: Appendix D:Multivariate logistic re
Page 141 and 142: APPENDICESTable D3Model of prosecut
Page 143 and 144: APPENDICESTable D6Model of dismissa
Page 145 and 146: APPENDICESTable D8: Model of Remand
Page 147 and 148: APPENDICESTable D10Asset sample, mo
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APPENDICESTable D11Asset sample, mo
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Table D13Model of community sentenc
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APPENDICESTable D15 Model of custod
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APPENDICESTable D17Length of custod
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REFERENCESReferencesAudit Commissio
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REFERENCESMirrlees-Black, C., Budd,
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ContactsEnglandEquality and Human R
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