ECONOMIC

production or real GNP, and this also implies a continuing response to theprice rise.The amount of substitution of alternative energy inputs for petroleumto date has not been great. While coal is being substituted for petroleum,increased amounts of petroleum are being used to make up for shortages ofnatural gas. Petroleum as a percentage of total energy inputs in manufacturingincreased from 27 percent in 1973 to 30 percent in 1976. Usage ofpetroleum by utilities dropped 1 percent. The share of coal in total energyused in manufacturing remained constant between 1973 and 1976, whileutilities increased their consumption of coal from 56 to 62 percent of allfossil fuel inputs.TABLE 23.—Changes in energy consumption and relevant economic indicators by finalconsumption sector, 1950—76[Percent]PeriodEnergyconsumptioninhouseholdand commercialsectorReal disposablepersonalincomeEnergyconsumptioninindustrialsectorManufacturingproductionEnergyconsumptionfortransportationRealGNPAnnual average change:1950 to 19551955 to 1960.1960 to 19651965 to 19701970 to 1973.2.94.14 65 53.53.32.74 73.94.83.51.33 44.21.85 32.46 53 56.92.61.93 35.14.74.22.44.73.04.7Change from preceding year:19741975-1 81.9-1.61.7-2.9-8.3— 3-10.1-3.4.6-1.7-1.8Change from a year earlier to:1974: 1IIIII _IV1975: 1IIIIIIV..-4.8- .6-1.4.63.73.21.5-1.0.2-1.4-1.9-3.3-2.23.51.84.0-1.1-5.0y-4.'8-5.1-13.1-11.0-4.72 31.61.1-5.8-14.5-14.4-9.6-1.3-7.3-2.6-2.6-1.03.91.3-.6-1.9.0-.8-1.9-4.1-5.6-3.6-.32.31976: 1IIIII2.7-1 61.66.32.44.1.411.45.913.915.19.83.73.54.67.37.05.2Note.—Energy consumption includes distribution generation losses.Sources: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis), Department of the Interior (Bureau of Mines)Federal Energy Administration, and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.PRODUCTIONImports of oil increased while domestic production of crude oil and naturalgas declined again in 1976; however, production of bituminous coalcontinued to grow.The decline in the production of crude oil which began in 1970 continuedin 1976, although the rate of decline slowed to 2.6 percent from a4.7 percent decline in 1975. The decrease in petroleum production has tosome extent been caused by price controls on all or part of the output of91