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strategy<br />
Those who lead plans functioning method are already<br />
of change tend to have<br />
present. It would not be a good<br />
idea to neglect this fact and<br />
a global vision of what announce a <strong>new</strong> era in one fell<br />
is required and <strong>the</strong><br />
swoop. There is a clear need to<br />
stakes involved.<br />
take into account <strong>the</strong> current<br />
context and to build on it so that<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>new</strong>ly introduced aspects do<br />
not produce paradoxes. Should <strong>the</strong>se occur, <strong>the</strong>y<br />
could destroy economic value for <strong>the</strong> firm and have<br />
a negative impact on <strong>the</strong> workforce.<br />
4. Respect that not everyone is an<br />
entrepreneur<br />
Beware of innovations that seek to make every<br />
person within <strong>the</strong> firm act like an entrepreneur;<br />
experience shows that this is simply not possible.<br />
Each person has a certain potential, and harbours<br />
different aims and desires. For example, it is not<br />
uncommon for some employees to want to avoid<br />
being any kind of leader on <strong>new</strong> projects, or to<br />
enter into a philosophy of constant and targeted<br />
improvement. This does not mean <strong>the</strong>y do not wish<br />
to work well, but simply that <strong>the</strong>y do not feel <strong>the</strong><br />
need to lead. Alongside <strong>the</strong>se non-entrepreneurs,<br />
we also find those who are very keen on change<br />
but do not possess <strong>the</strong> profile needed to oversee<br />
it. O<strong>the</strong>rs may favour <strong>the</strong>ir own interests before<br />
those of <strong>the</strong> firm. With such a mix within a<br />
company, it seems of little use to try to impose an<br />
entrepreneurial approach on <strong>the</strong> workforce. No<br />
firm requires 100% leaders among its staff.<br />
strict operating rules seldom in-line with unknown<br />
quantities, exceptions, or a <strong>new</strong>-look management<br />
ethos, <strong>the</strong>se technologies can make a firm less<br />
agile, decrease creativity, and suppress <strong>the</strong> will<br />
to innovate.<br />
6. Accompany <strong>the</strong> changes<br />
Periods of change within a firm are always delicate,<br />
not only for <strong>the</strong> people who feel <strong>the</strong> daily impact<br />
of <strong>the</strong> <strong>new</strong> measures, but also for those who<br />
implement <strong>the</strong>m. During such a period, <strong>the</strong><br />
success of innovations can be closely linked to <strong>the</strong><br />
level of support and accompaniment given to <strong>the</strong><br />
personnel. Those who lead plans of change tend<br />
to have a global vision of what is required and <strong>the</strong><br />
stakes involved. This means <strong>the</strong>y can easily fail to<br />
take into account a more specific, ‘local’ reality.<br />
Perhaps, <strong>the</strong> best solution is to call on middle<br />
managers. Well-placed to translate innovation<br />
aims for <strong>the</strong> workforce, <strong>the</strong>y can help ensure that<br />
<strong>the</strong> main goals are not out of touch with <strong>the</strong> daily<br />
activity of a service, department, or business unit.<br />
It is <strong>the</strong>n up to those who lead such plans to give<br />
middle managers room to manoeuvre.<br />
What <strong>the</strong>se commandments show is that it is<br />
vital for managers to take care when adopting and<br />
implementing a managerial innovation. They serve<br />
as an invitation to managers to ask <strong>the</strong>mselves<br />
key questions about <strong>the</strong> social impact of <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
own practices.<br />
ABOUT THE AUTHOR<br />
Nicolas Arnaud<br />
is Associate<br />
Professor, Audencia<br />
Nantes School<br />
of Management,<br />
France.<br />
5. Recognise that technology is not always<br />
<strong>the</strong> answer<br />
Today, it is clear that too many business leaders<br />
see <strong>the</strong> hi-tech/digital route as <strong>the</strong> only one to<br />
take in all circumstances. To question this is not to<br />
play down <strong>the</strong> role of technology, as it can often<br />
help to find a path t<strong>hr</strong>ough <strong>the</strong> complex context<br />
of firms in an ever-shifting world. However, if<br />
technology can provide answers, it can also create<br />
headaches. Indeed, it would not be going too far<br />
to label hi-tech initiatives as part of <strong>the</strong> problem<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than part of <strong>the</strong> solution. Because of <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
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I NDIAN MANAGEMENT NOVEMBER 2015 83