Cyber Primer

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Cyber threats Case study 4 – State-on-state cyber operations during periods of tension These attacks have allegedly been used as a component of conventional military operations. In no cases have they been acknowledged as state actions but their use along with conventional operations, would strongly suggest that they are, or could be, a component of state military activity. Russia Ankara Black Sea Georgia Tbilisi Armenia Azerbaijan Yerevan Baku Caspian Sea Kazakhstan Turkey Iran Georgia Replacing Georgian President’s image on website and comparing him with Hitler 42 Cyber Primer (2nd Edition)
Cyber threats State use of cyber operations during periods of tension – Georgia Who What How Against whom Why When Impact Alleged Russian Business Network (group of Russian hacktivists) and the South Ossetia Hack Crew, thought by some media to be sponsored by Russia. Cyber campaign attacked a total of 38 Georgian and Western websites upon the outbreak of the Russian military incursion, including defacing those of the Georgian President, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Bank, the Parliament, the Supreme Court, and the United States and UK embassies in Georgia. Most other attacks were distributed denial of service with website defacement and communications re-routing. Replacing the president’s image and comparison with Hitler. Redirection of communications from Georgia to the outside world. Georgian Government and President, communications providers from Georgia and selected Western embassies. Media reports this was to support the Russian military incursion to South Ossetia, aimed at disrupting Georgian communications and undermining the Georgian government. 05:15 hours, 8 August 2008 till 12:45 hours on 12 August 2008, covering a phase of the Russian military ground incursion. Attacks on Georgia were perceived by the media as part of the military intervention by Russia (although Russia denies the cyber component). They inflicted economic and social damage – and allegedly caused confusion across the Georgian government through communications denial both internally and to the outside world. Website defacements offered a focal point for supporters of Russia’s military incursion to South Ossetia. Georgia countered by using Western websites for hosting, including that of the Polish President, and by expanding its blogosphere using Western providers. More information Background to the conflict is at: http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/ crsreports/crsdocuments/RL34618_08132008.pdf and http://www. strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1069.pdf. Cyber Attacks Against Georgia: Legal Lessons Identified (November 2008). CCDCOE document at: http://www.ccdcoe.org/ Cyber Primer (2nd Edition) 43
Page 1 and 2: Cyber Primer Second Edition Develop
Page 3 and 4: Cyber Primer The Cyber Primer (2nd
Page 5 and 6: Preface ‘The Government will ensu
Page 7 and 8: Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: “In the information age almost al
Page 11 and 12: Fundamentals of cyber Chapter 1 - F
Page 13 and 14: Fundamentals of cyber • are ready
Page 15 and 16: Fundamentals of cyber cyber and cyb
Page 17 and 18: Fundamentals of cyber • details o
Page 19 and 20: Mainstreaming, competencies, unders
Page 21 and 22: Fundamentals of cyber 1.27. Cyber b
Page 23 and 24: 1A.5. Armed attack. Armed attack is
Page 25 and 26: Fundamentals of cyber Notes Cyber P
Page 27 and 28: “In the “We information reserve
Page 29 and 30: Cyber threats Chapter 2 - Cyber thr
Page 31 and 32: Cyber threats 2.5. Cyber attacks ca
Page 33 and 34: Cyber threats 2.9. Terrorists. Terr
Page 35 and 36: Cyber threats b. Payload. Payload i
Page 37 and 38: Cyber threats The process of attrib
Page 39 and 40: Phishing Spear phishing Whaling Fak
Page 41 and 42: Cyber threats Malware types Viruses
Page 43 and 44: Cyber threats and/or securely. Such
Page 45 and 46: How Against whom Why Theft of perso
Page 47 and 48: Cyber threats Using Twitter to mani
Page 49: Cyber threats Cyber attacks against
Page 53 and 54: Cyber threats Case study 6 - The im
Page 55 and 56: Cyber threats Impact of malware on
Page 57 and 58: Cyber threats Social engineering ag
Page 59 and 60: “In the information age almost al
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3 - Cyber functions Cyber f
Page 63 and 64: Cyber functions levels, they protec
Page 65 and 66: Cyber functions • command and con
Page 67 and 68: Cyber functions 3.16. Indicators an
Page 69 and 70: Cyber functions Maritime Land Air a
Page 71 and 72: Cyber functions 3.27. Electromagnet
Page 73 and 74: “In the information “It is impo
Page 75 and 76: Integrating cyber operations Chapte
Page 77 and 78: Integrating cyber operations Cyber
Page 79 and 80: Integrating cyber operations archit
Page 81 and 82: Integrating cyber operations physic
Page 83 and 84: Integrating cyber operations NATO a
Page 87 and 88: Integrating cyber operations Israel
Page 91 and 92: Lexicon Lexicon Part 1 - Acronyms a
Page 93 and 94: Part 2 - Additional terms and defin
Page 95 and 96: Lexicon information operations Info
Page 97 and 98: Lexicon TEMPEST TEMPEST refers to t
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Cyber Primer

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