Cyber Primer

Integrating cyber operations
physical interdependencies of information communication technology (ICT)
or have access to subject matter experts.
4.14. Technical specialists. Technical specialists need current, expert
knowledge of a range of operating systems and applications. Civilian
training is supplemented by specialist military, government and commercial
courses.
4.15. Specialist organisations. Defence’s cyber resources are centrally
managed by the Joint Forces Cyber Group in consultation with the single
Services and civilian agencies. Teams of cyber specialists will operate at
different levels, have varying skill sets and be in geographically dispersed
units. Manpower will be sourced from:
• in-house and external specialist trained personnel (regular and/or
reserve);
• secondments from civilian companies; and
• service level agreements with contractors.
Operating in cyberspace
4.16. Defensive preparedness. All personnel working with ICT need to have
the confidence to recognise, respond to and recover from cyber attacks.
Policies and practices in accordance with Joint Service Publication (JSP) 440,
The Defence Manual of Security and JSP 541, MOD Information Security and
Computer Network Defence Organisation and Reporting Procedures need to be
developed and rehearsed to manage our activities.
a. Systems security. Using appropriate warning systems,
up-to-date anti-virus software and continuous ‘patching’ (updating)
of operating systems/applications is the most common and effective
form of preparedness. Similarly, educating and training operators will
ensure they are aware of, and prepared for, the latest forms of attack.
All personnel should be continuously asking themselves what their
alternatives are if their computer systems fail. We all must, therefore,
understand and practise business continuity plans. It is crucial that
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