Permafrost

Antarctica.
Key words: Cape Hallett, Antarctica, groundwater, groundwater chemistry, ice cement,
permafrost.
Sustainability of the Transport Sector in
Norwegian Arctic to Climate Change
Jan Otto Larsen
(University Centre in Svalbard, Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. )
Abstract: The annual average temperature in the Norwegian Arctic is expected to increase
between 1,2° C and 5.0° C next hundred years. The precipitation is expected to increase with up
to 35 % together with higher storm activity. Slides and floods are a threat to traffic safety and
regularity on roads and railways, and in Norway we have in average 2000 slide events on roads
during the year. As there is a close connection between weather and slide/flood activity we
expect higher frequency of these events. Regularity on our wind exposed roads will also be
reduced with increasing storm frequency and intensity.
Another consequence of a warmer climate is higher frequency of slush avalanches and
debris slides in the Norwegian Arctic where dry snow avalanches are predominant today.
Change in slide and flood pattern can together with increasing traffic enlarge the risk for
fatalities and reduced regularity in the future. To meet this challenge we have made plans for
mitigation and physical protection which will be adjusted to the climate in the future.
Key words: Sustainability, climate change
Historical Variability of the Icing (aufeis) in the Brooks Range, Alaska
and Kunlun Mountain, China
Kenji Yoshikawa 1 , ZHAO Lin 2 , and Baisheng YE 2
(1.Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska
Fairbanks, PO Box 755860 Fairbanks Alaska 99775-5860, USA, Phone & Fax 907-474-6090, E-mail
ffky@uaf.edu; 2.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, 260
Donggang West Rd. Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China)
Abstract: Different remote sensing sensors were employed to obtain the characteristics of
icing (aufeis) in the Brooks Range, Alaska and the Kunlun Mountains, China. Ground truth
results support remote sensing observations and led to the development of techniques to
determine ice formation and spring water interactions. Icing creates an important water storage,
and an engineering hazard in the permafrost region. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a
powerful and sensitive sensor for ice detection, estimating volume of the ice, and freeze/thaw
conditions. The 27-30% of winter baseflow contributes to the icing at the Kuparuk Aufeis
Field. Landsat imagery from the Brooks Range indicates many of the high discharge springs are
147