Permafrost

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infrapermafrost waters that are discharged through taliks at the beds of glaciers confirms the role of underground waters in formation of surface flow. Waters that comprise periglacial ice mounds during the cold period of year and that influence the flow of some of the left tributaries of the Kumtor river is of mixed origin and are formed due to snow and glaciers thawing and infrapermafrost waters discharge. Glaciers waterflows contain a large complex of microelements that are grouped according to decrease of concentration: Zn > V > Cu > Mo > Co, Cr > Pb, Y > W, Sn > Tl, Bi, Au Key words: Hydrogeochemistry, glacier waterflows Hydraulic conditions of Mongolian frozen ground deduced from monthly DC resistivity prospecting Mamoru Ishikawa 1 , Natsagdorj Sharkhuu 2 , Dorjgotov Battogtokh 3 , Yinsheng Zhang 1 , Tsutomu Kadota 1 , Tetsuo Ohata 1 (1. Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan 2. Institute of Geoecology, MAS. Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia 3. Institute of Geography, MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) Abstract: Mongolian frozen grounds occupy the southern boundary of Eurasian permafrost, possibly displaying large spatial and hydraulic variations even over small areas. We investigated these variations by means of DC resistivity prospecting, ground temperature and total soil water (ice plus water) measurements. They were applied monthly from August 2003 to May 2004 at three representative sites: northern forested slope (NFS), flat pasture plain (FPP) and southern pasture slope (SPS). We found the annually-subzero soil layers (i.e. permafrost) at NFS and FPP. Greater DC resistivity values of permafrost at NFS indicate this permafrost to be frozen, allowing lateral downward flow of subsurface water and developing dense forests. DC resistivity values of permafrost at FPP remained low over the observation, indicating this permafrost to be unfrozen. We quantified seasonality of the ratio of frozen and unfrozen water involved in the active layer and upper permafrost. For this, Archie’s empirical model, which relates DC resistivity values to soil water contents, was improved to cover frozen soils, considering soil property that represents exponential coefficient between subzero soil temperatures and unfrozen water contents. Key words: DC resistivity, Mongolia, unfrozen permafrost, unfrozen water contents 151
Applying the Adaptive Cycle to Modelling Environmental and Anthropogenic Cryospheric Changes and Linking Problems of Human Adaptation and Mitigation N.C. Doubleday (Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 Nancy_Doubleday@carleton.ca / Tel. 613-520-2600x8370 Fax: + 1- 613-520-4301; Canadian Member, International Geographical Union Commission for Cold Region Environments) Abstract: The earth’s cold regions are experiencing accelerated rates of change, and the associated effects on land forms and land use raise many concerns for the health and well-being of those who live in cold regions, and also for sustainability for those living elsewhere (Gude et al., 2005). Interconnectivity and complexity characterise social-environmental systems. Although the changes being observed may be related to the physical environment and to climate in the first instance, contingent or related changes such as shifts in land use may be less obvious. However changes in land use also have consequences for key factors influencing processes of environmental change for example, in changes in albedo. The sphere of influence of the cold regions extends far beyond its geographical limits. There are many examples of changes with impacts at a global scale, such as the possibility of an ice-free shipping route across the Arctic Ocean. Similarly, while north ward shifts in frost-free season length may be very useful to farmers in certain regions, but if the longer frost-free season is also accompanied by drought, from an agricultural perspective one limiting factor has simply been replaced by another. If warming temperatures also lead to increases in sea-level rise, many ocean island states face grave danger. Clearly these are potentially massive and complex problems extending beyond the cold regions. The scientific issues related to defining both the mechanisms and possible consequences of cryospheric change are subjects of debate but there is general agreement among scientific experts in many fields that more sophisticated and inclusive models for conceptualising change in complex systems are needed. Further it is recognised that there is a need to find methods to describe both anthropogenic factors and natural environments as interconnected systems. Such methods must also be able to address very practical problems of integrating knowledge from many different scientific fields. Recognising that cryospheric change is likely to demand a long-term human response through environmental management based on adaptation as well as on mitigation means that it is important to develop conceptual models capable of addressing complexity as well as allowing for uncertainty. Using a systems approach that emphasises the linking of human and natural systems in an adaptive management model (Gunderson and Holling, 2002), and building on previous work (Doubleday 2005), this paper extends the model of the adaptive cycle as understood in the natural and social sciences, to include adaptation to and mitigation of environmental change in cold regions. Implicit in this approach is the understanding that human societies and their future health and well-being will be determined by many complex environmental, social and economic factors, and that in some cases, positive forces for adaptation or mitigation at one scale may produce negative or positive feedbacks at other scales. 152
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SEE AUTHOR INDEX AND REVISED PROGRA
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G.М. Dolgih, Dolgih D.G., Okunev S
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Rev I. Gavriliev The thermal conduc
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Xiao-zu Xu,Bin-xiang Sun,Qi Liu,Shu
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Lopez CML, Katamura F, Argunov R, F
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Grebenets V., Kraev G. Nagornov D.
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V.A. Istratov, A. Kuchmin, A.D. Fro
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Mamoru Ishikawa Mountain permafrost
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Co-Chairs Acad
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CO-SPONSORS Chinese Academy of Scie
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curve of the accumulated displaceme
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zone of Tien Shan. Key words: Compl
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negotiations currently under way am
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distribution according to the seaso
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number of freeze-thaw cycles. With
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The Technique of Geoinformation Mod
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Monitoring Study on the Boundary Th
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The Calculation and Control Methods
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observations are presented. Key wor
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frost heave is one typical case of
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whose total water content and poros
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effectively and restrain subgrade d
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Peninsula, Pur and Tar interfluve,
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1-D Numerical Analysis to Predict a
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of the two simulation-analysis meth
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frozen soil. While compared with th
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The maximum vertical deformations a
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dangerous pollutants, including hea
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fact of the rising of artificial pe
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The Thermal Conductivity of Segrega
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discussed in view of geotechnical a
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Numerical modeLling of thawing rail
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experiment for obtaining those para
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lake and in purpose to protect surr
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The Concept of an Engineering-geocr
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Effect of seismic events on the sta
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Electrical Conductivity of Rocks in
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mechanics parameters both in frozen
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influence its temperature change pr
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Experimental and numerical simulati
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signifies that the diffusion action
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Experimental Study on the Influence
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does not spread the energy in the f
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and seismic response of infrastruct
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Cooling effect of crushed rock reve
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The analysis of the data concerning
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the extended duration of freezing p
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Distribution of Rock Glaciers in th
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Methods of Theoretical and Experime
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properties, and is able to move bot
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especially water flooding, could be
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mechanisms during the compression a
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inundations and catastrophic breako
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of quantity of neglected interactio
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Past and present salinization in na
Page 112 and 113: Temperature Regime of Atmosphere an
Page 114 and 115: disturbance: conflicting, critical
Page 116 and 117: Application of ERS InSAR for detect
Page 118 and 119: critical to melt-water irrigation i
Page 120 and 121: Features of hydrothermal conditions
Page 122 and 123: associated with the southwest summe
Page 124 and 125: Significance of Microtopography and
Page 126 and 127: Reconstruction of paleocryogenic st
Page 128 and 129: Dendroclimatic investigations of fo
Page 130 and 131: anthropogenic disturbance. Despite
Page 132 and 133: and +38°C in summer. Continuous pe
Page 134 and 135: asis for palaeolimnological reconst
Page 136 and 137: eneath a path (34 cm.) In the end o
Page 138 and 139: can lead to a global ecological cat
Page 140 and 141: Assessment of Frozen Soils Environm
Page 142 and 143: No Thawing of the Cold Permafrost H
Page 144 and 145: Cryospheric changes in the West Sib
Page 146 and 147: Response of Ice-rich Permafrost to
Page 148 and 149: About Role of Thermokarst in Global
Page 150 and 151: presence may be debated since there
Page 152 and 153: territories have natural and anthro
Page 154 and 155: will contribute to the resolution o
Page 156 and 157: Impact of Frozen Ground Change on S
Page 158 and 159: Antarctica. Key words: Cape Hallett
Page 160 and 161: The sensitivity of Tibetan Plateau
Page 164 and 165: Keywords: cryosphere, anthropogenic
Page 166 and 167: Key words: Alaska, oil exploration,
Page 168 and 169: Possible Change of Runoff in the Up
Page 170 and 171: Theme 5. Monitoring, mapping and mo
Page 172 and 173: Mathematical model for quantitative
Page 174 and 175: heat transfer model with phase chan
Page 176 and 177: e.s.l.). In 2005 this mine was equi
Page 178 and 179: Surface- coupled 3-D Permafrost Mod
Page 180 and 181: • the territories where the perma
Page 182 and 183: associated soil surface temperature
Page 184 and 185: variations in different parts. Keyw
Page 186 and 187: disturbed landscapes, thaw subsiden
Page 188 and 189: ⎛ ⎜ 1 ⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ε σ = Eε e
Page 190 and 191: Mountain permafrost study in the Ru
Page 192 and 193: Permafrost Distribution and Thickne
Page 194 and 195: Permafrost Distribution and Thickne
Page 196 and 197: studies (Natsagdorj et al. 2000), t
Page 198 and 199: on the basis of determining tempera
Page 200 and 201: models were run using standardized
Page 202 and 203: organized into segments and contact
Page 204 and 205: depends on the microclimate of spec
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Page 208 and 209: In high mountain regions, as well a
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Birch trees (Betula ermanii) are do
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Monitoring of the snow cover in the
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deterministic model combined with p
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We have the map of seasonally froze
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approximately with the -5°C mean a
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Theme 6. Others Developing an Onlin
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The FGDC identifies, archives, docu
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Final Revised Program (August 28, 2
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Professor Dr. Lin Zhao, CAREERI, CA
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Monday, Aug 7, 2006 Location: Ningw
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Bending properties monitored in ful
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Theme 1-3: Engineering: Frozen grou
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Chairs: Bernhard Diekman, Ron Slett
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Theme 5-3: Mapping: Permafrost and
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Experimental research on thermal co
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A Preliminary Permafrost and Ground
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Bulley H----------94 Caffee M W ---
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Guo Jian-wen -------177 Guo Jian-We
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Kudryavtsev S -------53 Kulish E M
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Nefedieva Yu A ----------------87 N
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Stauch G -------89 Streletskaya I.
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Zhang Jian-min --------25 Zhang Jin
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Permafrost

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