Permafrost

vegetative and snow cover etc. Occurrence of petroleum on surfaces of soils changes the albedo
of surfaces and has oppressing an effect on a vegetative cover. Oil penetration into grounds
affects their thermal characteristics. It is necessary to note, that thermal characteristics of oil
contaminated soils change in time that is connected to change of structure and properties of the
petroleum. After its transformation contents of more dense and low-heating fractions in oil
increases that result in decrease heat conductivity on 30-40 %.
Therefore the purpose of the given research was to estimate influence of petroleum
pollution on depth of seasonal thawing (freezing) and mid-annual temperature of soils in view
of change of albedo of surfaces and their thermal properties caused by such pollution.
As objects of research the area of city of Urengoj and area of city Tarco-Sale were chosen.
At a choice of studying platforms that fact was taken into account, that both areas concern to
Jamalo-Nenetskiy autonomous region on which share it is necessary over 10 % of stocks of the
Russian petroleum and 12 % of volume of its extraction. Also through this area passes a main
oil pipeline.
The estimation was carried out on the basis of calculations under the program "Heat",
developed under the direction of the professor L.N. Hrustalevs. The task for one-dimensional
model was solved. The size of settlement area was set equal 30 m. Calculation was made for
two types of a ground: loam and sand at the big values of their water-saturation and pollution.
The data on change albedo and temperatures of a blacked surfaces, received earlier E.D.
Ershov, and thermal characteristics of soils, polluted and unpolluted with petroleum, received
earlier R.G. Motenko and etc., were used in calculations.
Calculations have shown that for both objects depth of seasonal thawing at rise in
temperature of a surface of soils on 2˚C in summer months due to decrease albedo will increase
on 16-18 %. At rise in temperature of a surface of soils on 4˚C in area of Urengoj depths of
seasonal thawing will make 40 %. And in area of Tarco-Sale the mid-annual temperature of
grounds becomes positive, that will cause development from a surface of a layer of thawed soils.
Accompanying removal of a vegetative cover causes development from a surface of a layer of
thawed soils in the both regions too. Influence of change thermal properties of frozen soils at
their pollution by petroleum (for example, thermal conductivity) has an effect to a lesser degree
and is directed aside reduction of depth of seasonal thawing.
Key words: Seasonal thawing depth, mid-annual temperature, oil contamination, thermal
properties, albedo
88
Behavior of Oil Contamination in a Low-positive and
Negative Temperature Diapason
EVGENIYA S. MIKLYAEVA
(Geography department, moscow state university, Russia)
Abstract: the modelling and forecast of oil contamination transfer in cryolithozone soils is a
very important and difficult problem. The main part of oil volume in contaminated soils is
presented by non-aqueous phase liquids, that are characterized by different from water