Permafrost

The Concept of an Engineering-geocryological Monitoring System of the
Federal Highway "amur" Chita-khabarovsk
V.G. Kondratiev, L.S. Garagulya, S.V. Soboleva, S.U. Potapov 1
(TransEGEM, 1.Federal Road Agency)
Abstract: The federal highway "Amur" Chita - Khabarovsk is one of the largest modern
construction in Russia. Its construction has been begun in 1978, completion is planned on 2008.
Road has length of 2165 km and intersects from the west on the east Transbaikalia and
Priamurie - terrains with rather non-uniform geomorphologic, geology-tectonic and climatic
conditions, that in turn predetermines significant dissimilarity engineering-geocryological
conditions of a trace. On a trace there are neighboring communes with very complex, complex,
rather complex and rather simple engineering-geocryological conditions. And complexity of
conditions basically is determined by presence and ice content permafrost, them thawing
settlement, and also frost heaving at a freezing of seasonally-thawed and seasonally-frozen soils.
At construction and exploitation of road there are essential alterations cryogenic processes and
phenomena.
The highway "Amur" develops for security of resistance and reliability during its
exploitation TransEGEM under the order of Federal Road Agency of Russia the methodical
document «Recommendations on engineering-geocryological justification of exploitation of a
federal highway "Amur". The basis of «Recommendations … » is compounded with the
concept of system engineering-geocryological monitoring of highway "Amur" (SEGMA
"Amur"). In it are in detail described: the frame the SEGMA"Amur" which is powering up
blocks: observation; the collecting, handling, analysis, an estimation and storage of the
information; the forecast and preparing of protective measures; realization of protective
measures; the scheme of operation in time the SEGMA "Amur" providing series of sequenced
procedures, organized in cycles of data acquisition of observation, estimations of hazard
engineering-geocryological processes, the forecast of their further development, control of
unfavorable processes; the functional frame the SEGMA "Amur" consisting of several
subsystems of different purpose and functions: hierarchical, plants of monitoring, functional,
industrial operations, is scientific-methodical security and a hardware; a plant
engineering-geocryological probes in the SEGMA "Amur" consisting of three interdependent
parts: geology-geographical conditions of a trace, permafrost circumstances, road; the complex
program of architecture the SEGMA "Amur" called determine an optimum compound and
sequence of practical operations on architecture and operation the SEGMA "Amur"; the plan of
realization of the complex program of architecture the SEGMA "Amur" providing three stages:
a preparatory stage, informational database stage, a stage of operation the SEGMA "Amur";
offers on organizational security of operation the SEGMA "Amur".
Key words: Permafrost, highway “Amur”, engineering-geocryological monitoring
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