Permafrost

dangerous pollutants, including heavy metals, radioactive nuclides and others which in case of
possible failures will put the most serious loss to an environment and safety of ability to live of
the person.
In rather small territory on area of NID one of the most world's largest tailing dumps have
settled down at once some: "Lebjge", the last two years ago began the world's largest after its
expansion and opening of the second field. The tailing dumps №1, №5 and "Nadegdinskoe" are
erected on first principle of construction of constructions on permafrost, i.e. with a condition of
preservation always frozen barrier the screen inside the dam. The tailing dump " Lebjge " it is
constructed on thawed and frozen type.
The basic complexity of similar constructions in permafrost is that they inevitably are in a
close contact with water which is the manifest enemy of a frozen ground.
On a background of the general global warming of a climate or at negative local
man-caused influences formations through taliks in a body of a dam are possible. Outflow of
waters can occur both on a surface of a dam, and through underground waters. Besides it
because of the strongest defrost effect of hardly salted waters, occurs thaw through always
frozen breeds of a protecting dam. Goes permafrost thaw directed as vertically (on depth), and
in a horizontal direction (in area extent). In NID this moment is most important, since the
territory in a geological structure is submitted lake and is high icy earth thicknesses peat loams,
loam having mesh cryotexture and sand with sandy loams with massive cryotexture, and as
ice-borne sediments adjournment submitted by loams, pebbles, boulder bed. The defrosting it is
high icy ground leads to to formation thermokarst subsidence, especially dangerous to a steady
status of a dam. Not smaller danger to stability of a dam represent frost bursting, etc. dangerous
cryogenic processes.
Most frequently meeting process is erosion of a body of a dam as a result of infiltration of
water on talik in watertight diaphragm. The dam of tailing dump " Nadegdinskoe " is
constructed on first principle of construction with preservation frozen antifiltering screen inside
a body of a dam. Complexity of its structure consists that it is erected directly on a channel
concerning the large river. Through tailing dump " Nadegdinskoe " proceeds r. Burovaja for
which tap of waters have been constructed a line of water-elevating dams. The having hitwater
the pond - sediment bowl - water-turnaround also is used constantly for the purpose economy of
water resources and avoiding of ecological pollution. Water is pumped out by special pumps
from a pond-sediment bowl and leaves back on " Nadegdinskoe " combine.
The hydraulic structure are the most complex engineering objects. The small hydraulic
engineering is characterized as one of the most emergency. For increase of reliability of the
dams providing in quality antifiltering barrier veils - frozen ground the screen, it is necessary
special measures are applied to cooling grounds. Among those it is possible to allocate as
cleaning of a snow into the cold period from a surface of a dam. Most effectual measures would
become at application of special seasonal and all-the-year-round cooling installations special
seasonal deep freezing dams. Has well recommended itself the cementation of fissures.
The hydraulic engineering service of Norilsk mountain combine applies a series of special
meliorative actions which allow to maintain hydraulic engineering objects with a sufficient
degree of reliability. Into structure of such actions enter: cementation of dams, freezing
antifiltering screens the special cooling installations, a regulated alluvium of tail waste products
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