a-general-introduction-to-psychoanalysis-sigmund-freud

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an error, one is always public, but the other not always. But what does one do in order to guess the latter? And when one believes one has guessed it, how does one go about proving that it is not merely a probable meaning, but that it is the only correct meaning? Is there anything else you wish to ask? If not, then I will continue. I would remind you of the fact that we really are not much concerned with the errors themselves, but we wanted only to learn something of value to psychoanalysis from their study. Therefore, I put the question: What are these purposes or tendencies which can thus interfere with others, and what relation is there between the interfering tendencies and those interfered with? Thus our labor really begins anew, after the explanation of the problem. Now, is this the explanation of all tongue slips? I am very much inclined to think so and for this reason, that as often as one investigates a case of a slip of the tongue, it reduces itself to this type of explanation. But on the other hand, one cannot prove that a slip of the tongue cannot occur without this mechanism. It may be so; for our purposes it is a matter of theoretical indifference, since the conclusions which we wish to draw by way of an introduction to psychoanalysis remain untouched, even if only a minority of the cases of tongue slips come within our conception, which is surely not the case. I shall anticipate the next question, of whether or not we may extend to other types of errors what we have gleaned from slips of the tongue, and answer it in the affirmative. You will convince yourselves of that conclusion when we turn our attention to the investigation of examples of pen slips, picking up wrong objects, etc. I would advise you, however, for technical reasons, to postpone this task until we shall have investigated the tongue slip itself more thoroughly. The question of what meaning those factors which have been placed in the foreground by some authors,—namely, the factors of circulatory disturbances, fatigue, excitement, absent-mindedness, the theory of the distraction of attention—the question of what meaning those factors can now have for us if we accept the above described psychic mechanism of tongue slips, deserves a more detailed answer. You will note that we do not deny these factors. In fact, it is not very often that psychoanalysis denies anything which is asserted 35
on the other side. As a rule psychoanalysis merely adds something to such assertions and occasionally it does happen that what had hitherto been overlooked, and was newly added by psychoanalysis, is just the essential thing. The influence on the occurrence of tongue slips of such physiological predispositions as result from slight illness, circulatory disturbances and conditions of fatigue, should be acknowledged without more ado. Daily personal experience can convince you of that. But how little is explained by such an admission! Above all, they are not necessary conditions of the errors. Slips of the tongue are just as possible when one is in perfect health and normal condition. Bodily factors, therefore, have only the value of acting by way of facilitation and encouragement to the peculiar psychic mechanism of a slip of the tongue. To illustrate this relationship, I once used a simile which I will now repeat because I know of no better one as substitute. Let us suppose that some dark night I go past a lonely spot and am there assaulted by a rascal who takes my watch and purse; and then, since I did not see the face of the robber clearly, I make my complaint at the nearest police station in the following words: "Loneliness and darkness have just robbed me of my valuables." The police commissioner could then say to me: "You seem to hold an unjustifiably extreme mechanistic conception. Let us rather state the case as follows: Under cover of darkness, and favored by the loneliness, an unknown robber seized your valuables. The essential task in your case seems to me to be to discover the robber. Perhaps we can then take his booty from him again." Such psycho-physiological moments as excitement, absent-mindedness and distracted attention, are obviously of small assistance to us for the purpose of explanation. They are mere phrases, screens behind which we will not be deterred from looking. The question is rather what in such cases has caused the excitement, the particular diversion of attention. The influence of syllable sounds, word resemblances and the customary associations which words arouse should also be recognized as having significance. They facilitate the tongue slip by pointing the path which it can take. But if I have a path before me, does that fact as a matter of course determine that I will follow it? After all, I must have a stimulus to make me decide for it, and, in addition, a force 36
Page 2 and 3: A General Introduction to Psychoana
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents A General Introdu
Page 6 and 7: PREFACE Few, especially in this cou
Page 8 and 9: making too abrupt a break with his
Page 10 and 11: FIRST LECTURE INTRODUCTION I DO not
Page 12 and 13: exhibits, and in which you believe
Page 14 and 15: examination will surely be convinci
Page 16 and 17: therapeutic concepts, and just for
Page 18 and 19: and it as aesthetically offensive a
Page 20 and 21: It is, therefore, to these phenomen
Page 22 and 23: Often also one mixes up words or ob
Page 24 and 25: een of use in finding the first. If
Page 26 and 27: and syllables of words have differe
Page 28 and 29: Ladies and gentlemen, if it should
Page 30 and 31: A still more impressive example was
Page 32 and 33: THIRD LECTURE THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERR
Page 34 and 35: A man who was asked how his horse w
Page 38 and 39: which carries me forward on this pa
Page 40 and 41: substance might have had some other
Page 42 and 43: use of these circumstances. It woul
Page 44 and 45: persons subscribe the daily affairs
Page 46 and 47: evening I came home filled with ent
Page 48 and 49: It would be tempting enough to coll
Page 50 and 51: FOURTH LECTURE THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ER
Page 52 and 53: kind of intentions are these which
Page 54 and 55: interferences of others, intentions
Page 56 and 57: these intentions must have undergon
Page 58 and 59: the speaker. The most frequent and
Page 60 and 61: activity, as is something which one
Page 62 and 63: much interested in the protegé, th
Page 64 and 65: we here encounter for the first tim
Page 66 and 67: something. The reasons and purposes
Page 68 and 69: satisfied if, from our investigatio
Page 70 and 71: FIFTH LECTURE THE DREAM Difficultie
Page 72 and 73: have been observed by physicians in
Page 74 and 75: First of all, we must orient oursel
Page 76 and 77: Are there other common elements? Ye
Page 78 and 79: mentioned Mourly Vold. Indeed, each
Page 80 and 81: stimuli. In most of the other cases
Page 82 and 83: greatness and its riddle? Perhaps t
Page 84 and 85: young men the ambition phantasies g
Page 86 and 87:
other, more gentle "Da sind dinge z
Page 88 and 89:
manner of hallucinatory experience,
Page 90 and 91:
eally, is putting too much faith in
Page 92 and 93:
startling. I want to give you an ex
Page 94 and 95:
the case of the association-experim
Page 96 and 97:
What is possible in forgetting name
Page 98 and 99:
1. What the dream seems to say, whe
Page 100 and 101:
smooth technique! But from another
Page 102 and 103:
Now you will be inclined to think t
Page 104 and 105:
4. The dreamer "pulls a certain wom
Page 106 and 107:
money on a piece of jewelry. Whence
Page 108 and 109:
EIGHTH LECTURE THE DREAM Dreams of
Page 110 and 111:
medical opinion concerning the drea
Page 112 and 113:
the compromise between the two. The
Page 114 and 115:
psychoanalytic method which we coul
Page 116 and 117:
desires. We also know of short clea
Page 118 and 119:
NINTH LECTURE THE DREAM The Dream C
Page 120 and 121:
"With the feeling that she is merel
Page 122 and 123:
former. This displacement of emphas
Page 124 and 125:
of them, even if it can successfull
Page 126 and 127:
her dream, "You mean to say that I
Page 128 and 129:
value. On the contrary, I show you
Page 130 and 131:
TENTH LECTURE THE DREAM Symbolism i
Page 132 and 133:
They permit us in certain cases to
Page 134 and 135:
himself rescued from it, i.e., ther
Page 136 and 137:
the years before sexual intercourse
Page 138 and 139:
and wood have already been mentione
Page 140 and 141:
that time entirely covered with for
Page 142 and 143:
That ships, too, represent women in
Page 144 and 145:
horseshoe recalls the contour of th
Page 146 and 147:
Thirdly, you must have noticed that
Page 148 and 149:
Whether or not in the further study
Page 150 and 151:
work has been added to other dreams
Page 152 and 153:
interpretation, and at the same tim
Page 154 and 155:
concrete before their meaning paled
Page 156 and 157:
tone of voice and by accompanying g
Page 158 and 159:
psychic impressions. Only later wer
Page 160 and 161:
parallel to the dream-work, what co
Page 162 and 163:
I know you would gladly leave this
Page 164 and 165:
that the girl was in sympathy with
Page 166 and 167:
urdens upon himself and to let no h
Page 168 and 169:
her belief that menstrual bleeding
Page 170 and 171:
along peacefully with the watchman,
Page 172 and 173:
(a). "He is to take a trip, his lug
Page 174 and 175:
compulsive idea which was then tort
Page 176 and 177:
later experiences. One meets with i
Page 178 and 179:
children tenderly, perhaps too tend
Page 180 and 181:
far from friendly manner. Expressio
Page 182 and 183:
etween persons of the same sex, has
Page 184 and 185:
and finally, you may observe in him
Page 186 and 187:
understood it. Just think of the sc
Page 188 and 189:
FOURTEENTH LECTURE THE DREAM Wish F
Page 190 and 191:
thoughts were far more painful even
Page 192 and 193:
a study of the dream alone; one mus
Page 194 and 195:
antitheses are so closely allied in
Page 196 and 197:
One might maintain that a differenc
Page 198 and 199:
unconscious wish, for the fulfillme
Page 200 and 201:
thoughts. Then our conception goes
Page 202 and 203:
FIFTEENTH LECTURE THE DREAM Doubtfu
Page 204 and 205:
would have left no room for doubt a
Page 206 and 207:
a number of the ambiguities and vag
Page 208 and 209:
clothing, where they certainly do n
Page 210 and 211:
eing stubbornly defended, he once d
Page 212 and 213:
One can often influence the dreamer
Page 214 and 215:
Part III GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUR
Page 216 and 217:
ecome convinced of and predisposed
Page 218 and 219:
patients, said, shrugging his shoul
Page 220 and 221:
with a young girl—and since then
Page 222 and 223:
There are delusions of the most wid
Page 224 and 225:
meaning, well motivated and an inte
Page 226 and 227:
hitherto not been able to influence
Page 228 and 229:
my instances not from hysteria, but
Page 230 and 231:
Perhaps in reference to our previou
Page 232 and 233:
epresent married life, one may ther
Page 234 and 235:
y virtue of the greatest sacrifices
Page 236 and 237:
when an engagement is celebrated. T
Page 238 and 239:
By means of two selected illustrati
Page 240 and 241:
its true colors, I still do not wis
Page 242 and 243:
It is impossible to evade the quest
Page 244 and 245:
But mourning is sharply distinguish
Page 246 and 247:
had they not penetrated through int
Page 248 and 249:
as a rule, discover fairly readily
Page 250 and 251:
act derives—on the contrary, she
Page 252 and 253:
The second occurred when biological
Page 254 and 255:
guard against the patient. In psych
Page 256 and 257:
eady to become an adherent of psych
Page 258 and 259:
about to inform you that our dynami
Page 260 and 261:
We are now ready to obtain a more d
Page 262 and 263:
should like to assure you that thes
Page 264 and 265:
their symptoms served the same purp
Page 266 and 267:
ascendancy. We have not yet been ab
Page 268 and 269:
The inclusion of the following fact
Page 270 and 271:
There can be not the least doubt th
Page 272 and 273:
innervations, which appear as sympt
Page 274 and 275:
you the cause of your reluctance an
Page 276 and 277:
actually demanding more food; he is
Page 278 and 279:
heterosexuals, the locus of interco
Page 280 and 281:
solitude and to his independent dev
Page 282 and 283:
TWENTY-FIRST LECTURE GENERAL THEORY
Page 284 and 285:
suggestion of the sexual act. This
Page 286 and 287:
transferred to other distant parts
Page 288 and 289:
Psychoanalytic investigation of the
Page 290 and 291:
erogenous impulses are from the ver
Page 292 and 293:
effect goes, that is unimportant; t
Page 294 and 295:
are a number of children. The fathe
Page 296 and 297:
or does analysis deceive us by brin
Page 298 and 299:
dreams, and not the neurotics alone
Page 300 and 301:
growing together with the seminal g
Page 302 and 303:
crude metaphor, with building up th
Page 304 and 305:
the substitutes for the denied grat
Page 306 and 307:
fixation (and the sexual constituti
Page 308 and 309:
Certain conditions, therefore, must
Page 310 and 311:
sequence can be influenced by the e
Page 312 and 313:
in the woman's part she was to play
Page 314 and 315:
the psychic apparatus. This amount,
Page 316 and 317:
ecome reconciled through the compro
Page 318 and 319:
infantile sexuality, in its abandon
Page 320 and 321:
ather acquired it at the time of re
Page 322 and 323:
Let us return to the consideration
Page 324 and 325:
in the fixation of the libido, or t
Page 326 and 327:
as it so frequently does, an interc
Page 328 and 329:
in the establishment of "preserves"
Page 330 and 331:
to be qualitatively the same and to
Page 332 and 333:
TWENTY-FOURTH LECTURE GENERAL THEOR
Page 334 and 335:
I have assumed that it was your wis
Page 336 and 337:
path of least resistance, and a mos
Page 338 and 339:
is over for him. After a while, how
Page 340 and 341:
Now, however, I want to draw your a
Page 342 and 343:
true neuroses into the foreground,
Page 344 and 345:
TWENTY-FIFTH LECTURE GENERAL THEORY
Page 346 and 347:
We are therefore tempted to claim t
Page 348 and 349:
Perhaps it will interest you to hea
Page 350 and 351:
antipathies. For, as an illustratio
Page 352 and 353:
matters. The behavior of women whos
Page 354 and 355:
Our observations on anxiety neurose
Page 356 and 357:
influential much later. But the chi
Page 358 and 359:
We have, as you know, spoken a grea
Page 360 and 361:
TWENTY-SIXTH LECTURE GENERAL THEORY
Page 362 and 363:
neurosis is the prerogative of man,
Page 364 and 365:
outer world and concentration upon
Page 366 and 367:
deposition of the censor, and can s
Page 368 and 369:
e the same, and to take place betwe
Page 370 and 371:
occasionally been successful in cas
Page 372 and 373:
imputations at the door of a woman,
Page 374 and 375:
I told you, too, that we hoped to g
Page 376 and 377:
TWENTY-SEVENTH LECTURE GENERAL THEO
Page 378 and 379:
without him. You know that when an
Page 380 and 381:
unconscious, a little more of the c
Page 382 and 383:
microscope is told by his teacher w
Page 384 and 385:
opportunity of speaking to the rela
Page 386 and 387:
according to our judgment, no seduc
Page 388 and 389:
ather it is something that continue
Page 390 and 391:
dependence of suggestibility upon s
Page 392 and 393:
TWENTY-EIGHTH LECTURE GENERAL THEOR
Page 394 and 395:
amount of work of the patient as we
Page 396 and 397:
ehaves just like any other person,
Page 398 and 399:
symptoms of the libido should be la
Page 400 and 401:
not be applied to the dreams of the
Page 402 and 403:
necessary and may be overcome. Exte
Page 404 and 405:
and above all, they should not anta
Page 406 and 407:
END 405
Page 408 and 409:
Back, George, 108 Basedowi, M., 336
Page 410 and 411:
doubtful points concerning, 194; fo
Page 412 and 413:
plans, 52; projects, 34; proper nam
Page 414 and 415:
Meringer, 16 Misreading, 51 Mistake
Page 416 and 417:
difficulties of, 2, 5; and psychiat
Page 418 and 419:
of birth, 132; sex, 126 Symptomatic
Page 420 and 421:
the dream anaylsis=>the dream analy
Page 422 and 423:
with manual anonism=>with manual on
Page 424 and 425:
Struwwelpeter=>Struwelpeter Oberlan
Page 426 and 427:
[19] The lady meant to say "Nach Ha
Page 428:
End of Book We hope you enjoyed rea
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