Houston, Texas, 15-10 Human capital, Intro-1, 1-2, 1-10, 2-5, 2-8, 14-3-4, 14-10, 15-5, 31-4-5, 31-10 Human wants, 1-1, 18-2, Ideas, 14-7 Illegal transactions, 3-10 Immigration, 12-11, 31-2 Immigration restrictions, 25-3 Impact lag, 9-5 Implicit cost, 20-1 Imports, 5-4-5, 6-3-4, 7-10, 15-12, 16-1-8, 22-8 Inadequate demand, 7-2 Inadequate diets, 15-1 Inadequate medical services, 15-2 Inadequate sanitation, 15-1 Incentive(s), 1-3, 1-6, 1-10, 2-5, 9-6-8, 14-4, 14-8, 15-7, 18-3, 26-7, 29-3, 29-9, 31-6-8 Income 3-1, 3-3, 7-2, 8-1-10, 9-6, 10-1, 13-1-2, 13-5, 14-4, 15-7, 17-5, 18-1-6 Income effect, 3-1, 6-10 Income elasticity of demand, 17-5-6, 30-2 Income inequality, 31-11-13 Income security, 13-8 Income tax(es), 9-3-10, 13-3-9, 31-9 Income tax code, 13-6 Ideal income redistribution, 31-7 Independence of the Fed, 12-6 India, Intro-5, 5-5, 14-2-3, 14-8, 15-6, 15-10, 15-12, 16-10, 30-1, 31-11 Indifference curves, 18-6-8 Individual freedom, 2-5, 21-7, 27-1, 31-6-7 Individual mandate, 30-10, 30-12 Indonesia, Intro-5, 14-2, 22-10 Industrial policy, 14-5-6 Industrial Revolution, Intro-2 Industrial union, 25-1 Inelastic demand, 17-5-6, 23-5 Inelastic goods, 13-6 Infant industry argument, 16-6 Infant mortality rate, Intro-3, 15-1, 30-11 Inferior goods, 3-3, 17-5-6 Inflation, 4-1-4, 8-11, 10-2, 10-6-10,13-11, 14-5, 15-7 Inflation rate, 4-2-3, 5-7, 11-7, 12-7, 12-10, 13-10, 16-10 Inflationary gap, 7-1, 7-4-7, 8-7, 9-1-7, 12-5 Informal economy, 15-11 Information lag, 9-5 Infrastructure, 11-9, 14-6 Initial public offering, 19-6-7 In-kind transfer payments, 31-2-3 Innovation, 16-3, 26-7 Inputs, 5-2, 6-5, 20-2-3 Insurance, 6-5 Intellectual property, 12-11 Intellectual property rights, 12-11 Interest, 5-10, 10-6, 26-1 Interest on the National Debt, 13-8 Interest-insensitive investment, 12-4 Interest rate(s), 6-2-3, 7-3-4, 9-4, 10-6, 11-4, 11-6-8, 12-5-6, 13-9, 14-5, 15-7, 26-1-4 Interest rate effect, 6-9 Intermediate goods, 5-1 Internal Borrowing, 13-9 Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 13-6-8 Internalizing externalities, 27-4-5 “International Petroleum Monthly”, 14-8 International trade, 12-9-10, 16-1-9, 22-2 International Trade Commission, 16-7 Interstate highway system, 9-6-7 Invention, 22-1 Inverse relationship, 1-9, 2-4, 3-1-3, 6-1, 17-5 Investment, 5-3, 6-2-3, 6-11, 7-2-3, 8-1-2, 8-5, 8-8-12, 9-5, 11-7, 12-3, 12-7-8, 13-9, 14-3-6, 15-5-6, 19-6 Investment banks, 11-7-10 Inventories, 5-4, 8-6 Invisible hand, 1-4, 16-10 IQ scores, Intro-4 Iran, Intro-5, 14-9 Ireland, 14-2 Irrational exuberance, 11-7-10 Italy, Intro-5, 14-8 Jackson, Michael, 22-2 Jamestown colony, Intro-1 Japan, Intro-5, 11-5, 14-6, 14-8, 15-10-12, 28-12, 30-1, 30-6, 31-11 Job destruction, 4-7, 16-7, 28-9 JPMorgan Chase, 11-12 Kennedy tax cut, 9-6, 13-10 Kerosene, 14-12 Kevlar, 22-1 Key characteristic of perfect competition, 21-1 Keynes, John Maynard, 7-1, 8-1, 8-9-11 Keynesian economic theory, 8-1-11, 9-1-7, 12-6, 12-7-8 Keynesian fiscal policy, 9-1-7 Keynesian monetary theory, 12-4-5 Keynesian monetary transmission mechanism, 12-4-5 Kinked demand curve theory, 23-4-6 Known reserves, 14-11 Kroc, Ray, 1-3 Kuwait, 14-9 Kwolek, Stephanie, 22-1 Labor, 1-2, 13-5, 14-2, 14-6, 19-4, 24-1 Labor force, 4-5-7, 14-6 Labor market, 7-3, 13-5, 24-1, 31-7 Labor productivity, 4-7, 6-5, 6-8, 14-3-4, 15-9-12, 19-10, 25-4 Labor supply curve, 24-5-6, 25-7 FOR REVIEW ONLY - NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Index - 7
Laffer, Arthur, 9-7 Laffer curve, 9-7 Lags, 9-5, 12-7 Laissez-faire, 7-9 Land, 1-2, 19-1, 24-1 Land of Oz, 11-9 Landsburg, Steven, 9-9, 28-2 Large government, 15-7-12 Law of comparative advantage, 16-1 Law of demand, 3-1, 17-1 Law of diminishing marginal returns, 14-3, 14-6-7, 18-7, 20-3-5, 21-3, 24-2 Law of diminishing marginal utility, 18-2-3, 18-5 Law of increasing opportunity cost, 2-4 Law of supply, 3-4, 17-9 Lee, Bruce, 22-2 Legal barriers to entry, 22-1, 23-7 Legal types of business firms, 19-4-6 Leisure, 5-3, 5-7 Lender of last resort, 11-1, 12-9 Lennon, John, 22-2 Lesotho, 31-11 Less developed countries (LDCs) 5-6, 10-10, 14-11, 15-1-14, 30-1 Leveraging, 11-5-10 Lewis, Michael, 24-7-9 Lewis, William W., 15-9 Liabilities, 19-7 Libertarian paternalism, 26-8 License, 22-2 Licensing requirements, 14-4, 22-2, 22-8 Life expectancy, Intro-3, 13-3, 13-9, 14-11, 30-11 Limited liability, 19-5-6 Liquid assets, 10-5 Liquidity trap, 12-4 Loan(s), 10-4-7, 11-3, 11-6 Loanable funds, 9-6, 13-9, 26-1 Loanable funds demand curve, 26-2-3 Lobbying, 16-6, 22-8, 28-4 Lockouts, 25-11 Logrolling, 28-5 London, 14-12 Long run, 9-1, 9-5-6, 12-3, 14-1-2, 14-4, 20-2, 20-8, 21-7, 23-4 Long-run aggregate supply (LRAS), 6-4, 9-5 Long-run aggregate supply curve, 7-7-8 Long-run equilibrium, 7-5, 8-7 Long run problem for farmers, 30-2 Long run production, 20-3, 20-8 Loopholes, 13-7 Lord De La Warr, Intro-1 Lorenz curve, 31-1-2, 31-11 Loss aversion, 26-8 Loss minimization, 21-6 Lotteries, 13-2 Low foreign wages argument, 16-7 Low-income countries, 15-9-11 Low voter turnout, 28-2, 28-4 Luck, 31-6 Luxury goods, 17-5 M1, 6-8, 10-3, 12-9 M2, 10-3 Macao, 14-2 Macroeconomic goals, 4-1, 4-7, 5-1, 5-9, 6-1, 9-1, 11-1, 12-1, Macroeconomic policy, 7-9, 15-9-10 Macroeconomics, 1-7, 4-1 Macromanagement, 29-4 “Maestro: Greenspan’s Fed and the American Boom”, 12-9 Major federal taxes, 13-2 Major federal spending programs, 13-7 Majority voting, 28-7 Make-work bias, 28-8 Malaysia, Intro-5, 14-2, 19-7 Malnutrition, 15-1 Malta, 14-2 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 14-6, 14-9 Managers, 19-3, 19-7 Manufacturing sector, 15-10 “Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, The”, 9-9 Marcos, Ferdinand, 22-10 Marginal benefit, 1-5, 3-7, 3-11, 13-5, 18-1, 18-5, 21-8 Marginal cost, 1-5, 3-7, 3-11, 13-5, 18-2, 18-5, 20-4-7, 21-3-8, 22-4-6, 23-2-7 Marginal cost curve, 20-7, 21-2, 22-5, 23-7 Marginal factor cost (MFC), 24-2-3 Marginal factor cost curve, 24-3, 25-7 Marginal physical product (MPP), 20-3-4, 24-1-2, 24-5, 25-4 Marginal private benefit, 21-7, 27-2-4, 27-11 Marginal private cost, 21-7, 27-2-5, 27-11 Marginal productivity standard, 31-6 Marginal profit, 21-4, 22-5 Marginal propensity to consume (MPC), 8-3, 8-5, 8-9, 9-2 Marginal rate of substitution, 18-7-8 Marginal revenue, 20-9, 21-3-6, 22-3-6, 23-2, 23-6, 24-2 Marginal revenue curve, 21-3, 22-3-5, 23-2-7 Marginal revenue product (MRP), 24-1-5, 24-7, 25-4 Marginal revenue product curve, 24-3-4 Marginal social benefit (MSB), 21-7, 22-6, 23-3, 23-8, 24-4, 28-6, 30-7 Marginal social cost (MSC), 21-7, 22-6, 23-3, 23-8, 28-6, 30-7 Marginal tax rate(s), 9-6-8, 13-3, 15-6, 31-7 Marginal utility, 18-1-7 FOR REVIEW ONLY - NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Index - 8
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PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS JEFF HOLT S
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Principles of Economics, 6th Editio
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16. Study Guide for Chapter 7 17. C
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11. Appendix: Book Review - “The
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20. Appendix: The NCAA Cartel 21. S
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Introduction: A Brief History of U.
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In the twentieth century, per capit
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Appendix: The 35 Largest National E
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Multiple Choice: ___ 1. The Jamesto
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2. Describe the economic cost of th
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Chapter 1 Scarcity and Choices The
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Example 5B: At the end of 1982, the
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Example 11: When Cindy quits her jo
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consequences may result in failure
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An upward sloping curve (as in Exam
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In making decisions, humans tend to
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5. ______________________ _________
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___ 13. If the value of one variabl
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Y Point X Y A 0 1 B 3 3 C 6 5 D 9 7
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Chapter 2 Trade and Economic System
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Example 4B: The following quantitie
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1. An increase in the quantity of r
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3. For whom to produce? This is det
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The graph below illustrates the shi
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The two primary economic systems ar
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___ 12. The capitalist vision sees
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___ 25. According to the book “Ca
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Chapter 3 Demand, Supply, and Equil
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. For inferior goods, income and de
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The same information can be placed
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Not only does a free market elimina
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$7 - 6 - 5 - S 3 S1 S 2 Price 4 - 3
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Example 17: The graph below illustr
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Questions for Chapter 3 Fill-in-the
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___ 12. Assuming a market originall
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$8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - Price 4 - 3 - 2 -
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Chapter 4 Inflation and Unemploymen
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Computing the Rate of Inflation The
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Full Employment Though unemployment
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3. Cyclical unemployment - due to d
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During the Great Depression, the ec
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Appendix: Think Like an Economist -
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Answer questions 8. and 9. based on
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___ 25. The extension of unemployme
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Chapter 5 Measuring Total Output: G
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5. Leisure. Leisure time is by defi
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The U.S. is a high per capita GDP c
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Example 17: In “An International
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The simple circular flow diagram be
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___ 3. Which of the following would
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2. Explain what nonproduction trans
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Chapter 6 The Aggregate Market The
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Example 2C: Assume the same facts a
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Example 5B: The price of crude oil
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Price Level Real GDP SRAS AD 2 AD 1
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Appendix: Why the Aggregate Demand
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___ 3. DEF Company can invest in ne
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2. List and explain the two factors
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Chapter 7 Classical Economic Theory
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Notice that the investment demand c
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Long-Run Equilibrium If Real GDP is
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Example 6B: When the economy is in
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Laissez-faire If the economy is sel
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___ 5. According to Say’s Law: a.
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3. On the graph below, draw an aggr
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Chapter 8 Keynesian Economic Theory
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Example 2B: The graph below illustr
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Example 5: Assume that the table be
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Notice on the graph on the previous
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According to Keynesian theory, a ch
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“The General Theory” also inclu
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___ 8. If the consumption function
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3. If the MPC is .667, and investme
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Chapter 9 Fiscal Policy The basic e
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Keynesian Fiscal Policy Theory and
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Example 5A: The federal government
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The Laffer Curve What will happen t
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Appendix: The Importance of Incenti
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___ 4. A decrease in government exp
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2. Explain what automatic stabilize
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Chapter 10 Money, Money Creation, a
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Example 4B: The castaways on Gillig
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Looking at the balance sheet below,
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Demand-side One-shot Inflation Exam
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4. Inflation increases uncertainty
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life; it came into existence not by
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calculated by using the potential d
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___ 12. If the required-reserve rat
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4. Referring to the balance sheet f
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Chapter 11 The Federal Reserve Syst
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5. After Bank X sells the $300,000
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Low Mortgage Interest Rates Mortgag
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Relaxed Standards for Mortgage Loan
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The Bursting of the Housing Bubble
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On February 17, 2009, the federal g
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Fed policies caused short-term inte
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___ 10. The Fed’s most important
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___ 25. In response to the recessio
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Chapter 12 Monetary Policy The basi
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2. A change in aggregate demand (AD
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Monetarist Transmission Mechanism C
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3. Borrowers do not have to seek ou
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Appendix: Book Review - “The Age
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Questions for Chapter 12 Fill-in-th
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___ 16. The primary source of incom
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7. According to Alan Greenspan, wha
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Chapter 13 Taxes, Deficits, and the
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Example 5: In 2015, Taxpayer A had
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of $5 and a quantity of 10 units. T
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The complexity of the tax law also
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the current government spending and
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cut of 1964. The top rate was lower
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___ 6. Federal excise taxes: a. are
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3. How would eliminating the loopho
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Chapter 14 Economic Growth The basi
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2. Labor. Labor can contribute to e
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estricting international trade (e.g
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An improvement in technology (e.g.
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The table below shows the economic
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will increase both Real GDP and per
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___ 8. Which of the following is co
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___ 26. The opinion that economic g
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Chapter 15 Less Developed Countries
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Example 8: Countries A, B, C, and D
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Obstacles to Economic Development f
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c. Restrictions on international tr
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Appendix: Book Review - “The Powe
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Example 25: In Brazil, about half t
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Study Guide for Chapter 15 Chapter
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___ 13. Among the counterproductive
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4. List four ways that governments
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Chapter 16 International Trade The
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Other Benefits of Free Internationa
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Example 6: The graph below illustra
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competitive disadvantage. But dumpi
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is only 25% as productive as before
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Smith was skeptical of government a
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___ 4. For Country X, what is the o
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___ 18. Frédéric Bastiat’s “P
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4. On the graph below: (1) What is
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Chapter 17 Elasticity We are often
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Example 4A: What is price elasticit
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Example 5A: Gertie’s Gas and Go i
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Example 10A: When the price of Good
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Example 13B: On the graph below, su
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$7 - 6 - 5 - Price 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 -
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In the long run, would the deadweig
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___ 7. The factors that determine w
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3. a. Which price (or prices) from
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Chapter 18 Utility The basic econom
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Nonetheless, society generally assu
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Example 9: Capital City operates a
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Marginal rate of substitution - the
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The diamond-water paradox is the ob
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Complete the table below to answer
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4. The graph below shows indifferen
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Chapter 19 The Firm The basic econo
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than contributing to team productio
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1. Difficulty in raising large amou
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Corporations also use self-financin
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Example 24: A blacksmith who produc
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For financing needs, proprietorship
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___ 13. Corporations: a. are comple
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5. List two things that the absence
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Chapter 20 Production and Costs The
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In Example 5B, Birdwell finds that
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variable cost initially decreases,
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Quantity TC MC AFC AVC ATC 0 240 X
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If the scale of operation is increa
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average total cost. Average fixed c
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___ 11. Concerning the cost curves:
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5. Complete the following cost tabl
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Chapter 21 Perfect Competition The
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Even though a perfect competitor ca
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Example 6C: This example builds on
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At what price will there be neither
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Appendix: Perfect Competition in th
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Multiple Choice: ___ 1. A perfect c
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___ 17. Perfect competition: a. req
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Answers for Chapter 21 Fill-in-the-
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Chapter 22 Monopoly Of the four mar
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3. Exclusive ownership of an essent
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maximizing quantity (4 units) creat
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$22 - 20 - 18 - 16 - 14 - Deadweigh
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2. Negotiating, beginning at a high
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Legal barriers are created by gover
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___ 8. The slope of the demand curv
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Price Quantity 3. List some of the
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Chapter 23 Monopolistic Competition
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For Percomp (the perfect competitor
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Example 7A: The graph below represe
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Example 9: The Organization of the
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Example 12 illustrates the dilemma
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its current price and quantity. The
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___ 14. Game theory: a. is a method
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Answers for Chapter 23 Fill-in-the-
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Chapter 24 Factor Markets The basic
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$ $240 - 200 - 160 - 120 - 80 - 40
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Since producers will attempt to equ
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2. Differences in nonmoney aspects
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were his strikeouts, walks, and hom
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___ 3. To maximize profits, a produ
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___ 19. According to the book, “M
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Multiple Choice: 1. a. 8. c. 15. d.
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Chapter 25 Labor Unions The primary
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The elasticity of demand for union
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Example 4A: Assume that the graph b
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Notice from the graph in Example 6
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Wage Factory A Quantity of Labor S
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As a cartel, a labor union faces a
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___ 10. For a monopsony: a. there i
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3. The graph below represents a lab
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Chapter 26 Interest, Present Value,
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An increase in expected rates of re
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An asset is valuable because we exp
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Example 13B: General Ordnance prove
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Appendix: Present Value Table One f
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___ 4. An increase in expected rate
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Problems: 1. List and explain the t
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Chapter 27 Market Failure The basic
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External Benefit If a market genera
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Example 2: To encourage the consump
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$100 - 90 - 80 - MSC 70 - $ 60 - 50
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A common good is nonexcludable. Non
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Study Guide for Chapter 27 Chapter
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___ 5. What government policy would
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4. Based on the information on the
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Chapter 28 Public Choice and Govern
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Candidates and the Median Voter Mod
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Example 8: According to State and F
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Example 10: When Elvis Presley was
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4. Pessimistic bias. This is the te
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___ 5. An elected official will: a.
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2. If a certain policy will yield s
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Chapter 29 Government Regulation of
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underproduction is the amount that
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micromanagement results in business
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market. They may agree with their c
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Questions for Chapter 29 Fill-in-th
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___ 10. The public interest theory
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- Page 514 and 515: How is this story an analogy for th
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- Page 538 and 539: Short run production, 20-2-3 Short-
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