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The Gift of Introversion

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Neuroticism identifies certain people who are more prone to psychological<br />

stress. <strong>The</strong> tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such<br />

as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the<br />

degree <strong>of</strong> emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred to by<br />

its low pole, "emotional stability". A high stability manifests itself as a stable and<br />

calm personality, but can be seen as uninspiring and unconcerned. A low stability<br />

expresses as a reactive and excitable personality, <strong>of</strong>ten very dynamic individuals,<br />

but they can be perceived as unstable or insecure. It has also been researched<br />

that individuals with higher levels <strong>of</strong> tested neuroticism tend to have worse<br />

psychological well being.<br />

People who do not exhibit a clear tendency<br />

specific characteristics chosen from the abovementioned<br />

related pairs in all five dimensions are<br />

considered adaptable, moderate and<br />

towards<br />

reasonable personalities, but can be perceived as unprincipled, inscrutable and<br />

calculating.<br />

Overview<br />

<strong>The</strong> Big Five personality traits was the model to comprehend the relationship between<br />

personality and academic behaviors. This model was defined by several independent<br />

sets <strong>of</strong> researchers. <strong>The</strong>se researchers began by studying relationships between a<br />

large number <strong>of</strong> known personality traits. <strong>The</strong>y reduced the lists <strong>of</strong> these traits<br />

(arbitrarily) by 5–10 fold and then used factor analysis to group the remaining traits<br />

(using data mostly based upon people's estimations, in self-report questionnaire and<br />

peer ratings) in order to find the underlying factors <strong>of</strong> personality.<br />

<strong>The</strong> initial model was advanced by Ernest Tupes and Raymond Christal in 1961, but<br />

failed to reach an academic audience until the 1980s. In 1990, J.M. Digman advanced<br />

his five-factor model <strong>of</strong> personality, which Lewis Goldberg extended to the highest level<br />

Page 23 <strong>of</strong> 160

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