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The Gift of Introversion

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Dominance: Children with high dominance tend to influence the behavior <strong>of</strong><br />

others, particularly their peers, to obtain desirable rewards or outcomes. Such<br />

children are generally skilled at organizing activities and games and deceiving<br />

others by controlling their nonverbal behavior.<br />

Shyness: Children with high shyness are generally socially withdrawn, nervous,<br />

and inhibited around strangers. In time, such children may become fearful even<br />

around "known others", especially if their peers reject them. Similar pattern was<br />

described in temperament longitudinal studies <strong>of</strong> shyness<br />

Sociability: Children with high sociability generally prefer to be with others rather<br />

than alone. During middle childhood, the distinction between low sociability and<br />

high shyness becomes more pronounced, particularly as children gain greater<br />

control over how and where they spend their time.<br />

Development<br />

Throughout<br />

Adulthood<br />

Many studies<br />

<strong>of</strong> longitudinal data,<br />

which correlate<br />

people's test scores<br />

over time, and crosssectional<br />

data, which<br />

compare personality<br />

levels across different<br />

age groups, show a<br />

high degree <strong>of</strong> stability<br />

in personality traits<br />

during adulthood,<br />

especially Neuroticism<br />

trait that is <strong>of</strong>ten<br />

regarded as a<br />

temperament<br />

trait similarly to<br />

longitudinal research<br />

in temperament for the<br />

same traits. It is<br />

shown that the<br />

personality stabilizes<br />

for working-age<br />

individuals within about four years after starting working. <strong>The</strong>re is also little evidence<br />

that adverse life events can have any significant impact on the personality <strong>of</strong><br />

individuals. More recent research and meta-analyses <strong>of</strong> previous studies, however,<br />

indicate that change occurs in all five traits at various points in the lifespan. <strong>The</strong> new<br />

Page 35 <strong>of</strong> 160

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