2018 Abstract Volume

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Conclusions and recommendation International Oil Companies (IOCs) including Chevron and BP have used this tool in early project assessments and will share learnings from pilots. Key findings included: • The collaboration between end users (IOCs), data providers (IUCN) and NGO’s (CI) resulted in functional enhancement of the tool aiding in decision making for mitigation actions. • Transparency of data origination, which enables users to determine the need for additional baseline studies • The information from the list of threatened species from IUCN Red List, provided important insight on biodiversity and ecosystems risks at the watershed level • Supplemental data (experts' opinion) is important to validate findings Seminar: Investing in freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity: A key development challenge 176
Water community providers, ecosystems and adaptation in rural Central America Presenting Author: Dr. Roger Madrigal-Ballestero, EfD/CATIE, Costa Rica Keywords Development, watersheds, ecosystem services, pricing, ecosystem-based adaptation Highlights • The performance of most water community providers in rural Central America is deficient and hinders development, particularly in drought prone areas • Ecosystems services condition water delivery and adaptive capacity to climate change and variability • Governance and financial aspects are critical to ecosystems restoration and improvement of performance of water providers Introduction and objectives Despite successful improvements in drinking water access, safe water is still not easily accessible to many households in poor and rural areas of Central America. Community-based drinking water organizations (CWO) are the most important providers in these regions. However, their performance do not contribute to foster development and adaptation to climate change. Degradation in ecosystems, poor governance and financial burdens limit the capacities of CWO to contribute to human well-being. We use primary data collected from CWO located in poor regions of Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to assess these factors and discuss policy options for improvement. Methodology approach We carried out statistical analysis of survey-based and GIS data, collected from 160 water community organizations and 7,000 households located in the driest regions of Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. We use primary data on the governance of CWO (e.g. rules, financial characteristics, human capital of the water board, relationship with external actors, performance indicators), water use at the household level and ecosystem variables (e.g. land uses, temperature, precipitation). We fully considered the effect of climatic and environmental variables on performance of CWO and the emergence of certain institutional features of CWO. Analysis and results The vast majority of literature on the performance of CWO largely ignores the effect of ecosystem services, coupled with governance, on performance. Our results constitutes a pioneer effort to bridge this gap. We found that differences in ecosystem attributes affect water treatment costs of CWO and coping strategies with droughts at the household level. On the other hand, controlling water demand is critical for preparedness against droughts. For this, one of the most important strategies a CWO should take is adopting volumetric pricing. Nevertheless, setting the incentives and overcoming obstacles that limit this critical change is necessary to scale up results. Promoting the financial health of CWO through improved costrecovery practices is another important low-regret solution for building drought preparedness. Adaptation to drier conditions will need substantial modifications in physical infrastructure as well as green investments on watersheds, which requires large amounts of capital. Since most CWO are not capable of funding these investments, governments and other key stakeholders should promote sounding financial policies to support these organizations but without undermining local incentives to contribute. Seminar: Investing in freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity: A key development challenge 177
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ABSTRACT VOLUME Photo: iStock World
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Seminar: Tapping into collective wi
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An alternative gender analytical ap
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Circular economy practices for exot
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Gendered approach in capitalising o
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‘Green Lady of Bihar’ and susta
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Human rights to water and sanitatio
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Integrating indigenous and scientif
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Monitoring SDGs 6, 5 and 14 through
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What gets measured (by women), gets
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Women, SDGs and climate related ada
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Seminar: IWRM and ecosystem based a
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Assessing the effectiveness of wate
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Assessing the interconnectedness of
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Can you sue a river? Legal rights a
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Effective stakeholder participation
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Environmental paradigm and water ma
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IWRM and ecosystem, the gap between
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Participatory ecosystem management
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Reducing uncertainty in ecosystem b
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SDG targets and implementation of I
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Seminar: Political drivers for sust
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A multinational commitment to save
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Cooperation and conflict: A subnati
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Linking water ecosystem services an
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Protracted conflict and the targeti
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Conclusions and recommendation EcoP
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the annual water saving in the six
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RBO-established institutional and g
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Seminar: Ecosystem based water mana
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measures to address such issues as
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Development of a curated global com
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Drivers for ecosystem-based flood m
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Enabling smart collaboration for th
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Environmental report-cards support
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Floods for food: Water spreading we
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How much groundwater can we pump an
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Conclusions and recommendation Alth
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modeling to consider future pressur
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critical to secure support for refo
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Conclusions and recommendation The
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• Fewer IKP were identified in ar
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Seminar: Industry’s role in ecosy
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their operating plants. Local commu
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Conclusions and recommendation WCL
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The fact that 88% of SMEs suppliers
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Conclusions and recommendation Prov
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Leveraging artificial intelligence
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Mining sector collective action on
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Public and private roles beyond 'fe
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Sinopec: Grey-green infrastructure
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Trends in water-related innovation
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Water stewardship and business valu
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Seminar: Sustainable infrastructure
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Building inclusive basin resilience
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Can Africa take the lead on sustain
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Controlling water disasters and bui
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Developing a robust water strategy
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Conclusions and recommendation Know
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Conclusions and recommendation This
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Page 133 and 134: Natural and built infrastructure ca
Page 135 and 136: Promoting pathways to guide investm
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Page 139 and 140: Tracking sustainable infrastructure
Page 141 and 142: Water for the city: ‘Greening’
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Page 145 and 146: Adaptive PES: Financing sustainable
Page 147 and 148: Economic and financial instruments
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Page 165 and 166: Integrating water and energy bills
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Page 171 and 172: Making freshwater biodiversity in t
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Page 179 and 180: Wetworking: A participatory network
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Page 197 and 198: Let nature do the work in the Stock
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Page 203: The ecosystem in Gaza Strip between
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2018 Abstract Volume

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