The Law of War

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combatants and its relegation of women to the status of victims, and its granting them legitimacy almost exclusively as child-rearers. A study of the 42 provisions relating to women within the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols found that almost half address women who are expectant or nursing mothers. Others have argued that the issue of sexual violence against men in conflict has not yet received the attention it deserves. Soft-law instruments have been relied on to supplement the protection of women in armed conflict: UN Security Council Resolutions 1888 and 1889 (2009), which aim to enhance the protection of women and children against sexual violations in armed conflict; and Resolution 1325, which aims to improve the participation of women in postconflict peacebuilding. Read together with other legal mechanisms, in particular the UN Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), these can enhance interpretation and implementation of IHL. In addition, international criminal tribunals (like the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda) and mixed tribunals (like the Special Court for Sierra Leone) have contributed to expanding the scope of definitions of sexual violence and rape in conflict. They have effectively prosecuted sexual and gender-based crimes committed during armed conflict. There is now well-established jurisprudence on gender-based crimes. Nonetheless, there remains an urgent need to further develop constructions of gender within international humanitarian law. Culture IHL has generally not been subject to the same debates and criticisms of "cultural relativism" as have international human rights. Although the modern codification of IHL in the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols is relatively new, and European in name, the core concepts are not new, and laws relating to warfare can be found in all cultures. ICRC studies on the Middle East, Somalia, Latin America, and the Pacific, for example have found that there are traditional and long-standing practices in various cultures that preceded, but are generally consistent with, modern IHL. It is important to respect local and cultural practices that are in line with IHL. Relying on these links and on local practices can help to promote awareness of and adherence to IHL principles among local groups and communities. Durham cautions that, although traditional practices and IHL legal norms are largely compatible, it is important not to assume perfect alignment. There are areas in which Page 28 of 265
legal norms and cultural practices clash. Violence against women, for example, is frequently legitimized by arguments from culture, and yet is prohibited in IHL and other international law. In such cases, it is important to ensure that IHL is not negatively affected. Page 29 of 265
Page 1 and 2: The e-Advocate Monthly …a Compend
Page 3 and 4: The Advocacy Foundation, Inc. Helpi
Page 5 and 6: Dedication ______ Every publication
Page 7 and 8: The Transformative Justice Project
Page 9 and 10: The Advocacy Foundation, Inc. Helpi
Page 11 and 12: Biblical Authority ______ Deuterono
Page 13 and 14: Table of Contents …a compilation
Page 15 and 16: I. Introduction The Law of War Inte
Page 17 and 18: establishes rules relating to the m
Page 19 and 20: treatment of civilian populations i
Page 21 and 22: The Geneva Conventions of 1949 may
Page 23 and 24: deaths and injuries long after conf
Page 25 and 26: Key Provisions and Principles Appli
Page 27: ICRC to form part of customary inte
Page 31 and 32: II. The Just War Theory Just War Th
Page 33 and 34: But, say they, the wise man will wa
Page 35 and 36: the damage inflicted by the aggress
Page 37 and 38: defensive war as a just one -- ofte
Page 39 and 40: Right Intention Force may be used o
Page 41 and 42: Combatants may not use weapons or o
Page 43 and 44: Discrimination The victor state is
Page 45 and 46: List of Just War Theorists These th
Page 47 and 48: III. Perpetual War Perpetual War, E
Page 49 and 50: Military-Industrial Complex The con
Page 51 and 52: after the 60's counterculture as ps
Page 53 and 54: Sun Tzŭ said: ... When you engage
Page 55 and 56: perpetuate fear and hatred of the e
Page 57 and 58: IV. The Rule of Law in Armed Confli
Page 59 and 60: The Geneva Convention relative to t
Page 61 and 62: V. Combatants, Non-Combatants and U
Page 63 and 64: civilians, until they have had a "f
Page 65 and 66: While the concept of an unlawful co
Page 67 and 68: 3. Members of regular armed forces
Page 69 and 70: If a combatant does not qualify as
Page 71 and 72: "treated humanely", and if tried "s
Page 73 and 74: Municipal law United States Two sep
Page 75 and 76: Non-Citizens in the War Against Ter
Page 77 and 78: On 8 November 2004, a federal court
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possess such authority pursuant to
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On 4 June 2007, in two separate cas
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Roberts of the 2nd Royal Tank Regim
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VI. Prisoners of War A Prisoner of
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men and women, were driven out onto
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war. A cartel was usually arranged
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under the Third Geneva Convention,
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In 2000, the U.S. military replaced
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for them to be sent via Dunkirk to
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Commonwealth, and Dominions, 28,500
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Information on conditions in the st
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Treatment of POWs by The Soviet Uni
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After the German surrender, the Int
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The United States handed over 740,0
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years before being interned in a me
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VII. War Crimes A War Crime is an a
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Second Geneva Convention for the Am
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2. The following acts as part of an
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Former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddaf
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War crimes are significant in inter
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Employment of poison gas World War
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Specific war crimes alleged to have
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Invasion of Poland, in the period o
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Unrestricted submarine warfare agai
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mostly Jews, Russians, Krymchaks, a
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Crimes Perpetrated by Hungary Incid
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Attack on the United States in 1941
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Nanjing Massacre; Narcotics Traffic
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Palawan Massacre, 1944 War crimes (
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Unit 731 use of poisons as weapons
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Odessa massacre Aita Seaca massacre
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have been higher had a great number
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Mykola Lebed - one of the OUN leade
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warfare against merchant shipping N
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forces, declared to be atrocities,
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War crimes: As part of the Briggs'
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as possible, North Korea detained S
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The Hola massacre was an incident d
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Operation Speedy Express War Crim
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on the basis of an unsigned confess
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1975-1990: Lebanese Civil War Armed
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Torture prisoners Kandahar massacre
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And so, incredibly, children are no
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quarter of a million people (mostly
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Siege Sarajevo Siege Bihać Tuzla m
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Klečka killings Lake Radonjić mas
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Fighting involves Mai-Mai militia a
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thousands wounded; and 300,000-500,
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Civil uprising phase of the Syrian
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VIII. The Cold War The Cold War was
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collapsed at the end of the decade
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In what some have called the First
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The differences between Roosevelt a
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included eastern Poland (incorporat
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intelligence operations, adhered to
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Zealand and several other countries
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United States officials moved there
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Eisenhower's secretary of state, Jo
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Churchill told the United States th
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the new Soviet leader as a superfic
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ordered operation to assassinate Ca
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freedom of the press, freedom of sp
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Henry Kissinger, who was US Nationa
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new state would struggle to gain in
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"Second Cold War" (1979-1985) The t
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leaders not to intervene if Poland
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Meanwhile, the Soviets incurred hig
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case as the result of a violent upr
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However, the aftermath of the Cold
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IX. Political Asylum and Refugee La
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If the suspects chose to confess th
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Right of Asylum by Country of Refug
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While restricted, the right of poli
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Definition of Refugee According to
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Sources Refugee law encompasses bot
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The first step of being granted thi
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X. References 1. https://en.wikiped
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Notes _____________________________
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Attachment A Joint Chiefs of Staff:
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affected by media coverage of a spe
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e. Imminent Use of Force. The deter
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contact with JAs at higher levels w
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exercises are much more effective t
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J-3 CJCSI 3121.01B DISTRIBUTION: A,
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 (3) SRO
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 Enclosu
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 (3) U.S
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 b. Purs
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 b. Prov
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 (b) Rev
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CJCSI 3121.01B 13 June 2005 (b) Cat
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PEACE ENFORCEMENT: KFOR (Kosovo, Ju
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ARMED CONFLICT: DESERT STORM (IRAQ,
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ARMED CONFLICT (STABILITY OPERATION
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Attachment B US Marine Corp: Intro
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B130936 Law of War/Introduction to
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8130936 Law of War/Introduction to
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Attachment C Basic Rules of The 194
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Basic rules of the Geneva Conventio
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Provisions common to the four Conve
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Protection of the wounded, sick and
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Protection of the wounded, sick and
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Rules relating to the conduct of co
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Protection of civilian persons and
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Protection of victims of non-intern
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Protection of victims of non-intern
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Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
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Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
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LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
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Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
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African-American Youth in The May 2
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The e-Advocate Quarterly Special Ed
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Legal Missions International Page 2
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Vol. V 2019 XVII Russia Q-1 2019 XV
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The e-Advocate Newsletter Genesis o
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Extras The Nonprofit Advisors Group
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About The Author John C (Jack) John
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