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64 <strong>Thermal</strong> <strong>Food</strong> <strong>Processing</strong>: New Technologies and Quality Issues<br />

Subscripts<br />

Γ Boundary<br />

∞ <strong>Processing</strong> medium<br />

0 Initial<br />

1 Surface or phase 1<br />

2 Surface or phase 2<br />

A Component A<br />

b Boiling<br />

c Convection<br />

cd Condensation<br />

g Gas<br />

i Interface<br />

K Temperature in Kelvin<br />

l Liquid<br />

m Medium<br />

max Maximum<br />

s Surface<br />

v Vapor<br />

w Water<br />

x, y, z Orthogonal coordinates<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. RP Singh. Moving boundaries in food engineering. <strong>Food</strong> Technology 54: 44–53,<br />

2000.<br />

2. PG Smith. Introduction to <strong>Food</strong> Process Engineering. New York: Kluwer<br />

Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2003, pp. 163–170, 179–186, 191–217.<br />

3. V Gekas. Transport Phenomena of <strong>Food</strong>s and Biological Materials. Boca Raton,<br />

FL: CRC Press, 1992, pp. 176–188.<br />

4. GD Saravacos. Mass transfer properties of foods. In: MA Rao, SSH Rizvi,<br />

Eds. Engineering Properties of <strong>Food</strong>s, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994,<br />

pp. 169–221.<br />

5. PK Chandra, RP Singh. Applied Numerical Methods for <strong>Food</strong> and Agricultural<br />

Engineers. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994.<br />

6. S Ghazala, HS Ramaswamy, JP Smith, MV Simpson. <strong>Thermal</strong> process simulation<br />

for sous vide processing of fish and meat foods. <strong>Food</strong> Research International 28:<br />

117–122, 1995.<br />

7. N Wang, JG Brennan. A mathematical model of simultaneous heat and moisture<br />

transfer during drying of potato. Journal of <strong>Food</strong> Engineering 24: 47–60,<br />

1995.

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